Objective:We assessed the influence of small for gestational age (GA) with placental disorders (SGAP) and histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) on the inhospital outcomes of preterm infants. Methods: Preterm infants with a GA <32 weeks born at Seoul National University Hospital between 2007 and 2014 were included and divided into 4 groups according to the presence of SGAP and HCA: group 1, SGAP only; group 2, HCA only; group 3, both SGAP and HCA; and group 4, no SGAP or HCA. Multivariate logistic regression was done to compare neonatal outcomes including death, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death, patent ductus arteriosus with treat ment, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis ≥stage 2b, and intraventricular hemorrhage ≥grade 3. Results: A total of 572 infants were included. There were 77 patients (13.5%) in group 1, 226 patients (39.5%) in group 2, and 24 patients (4.2%) in group 3. After adjusting for GA, cesarean section, 5 minute Apgar score, multiple pregnancy, premature rupture of membrane before 18 hours prior to delivery, and preeclampsia, group 1 showed higher risks of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.138.80), moderate to severe BPD or death (aOR 9.12, 95% CI 3.98 20.90), sepsis (aOR 2.12, CI 1.014.46), and pulmonary hypertension (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 1.159.22) compared with group 4. There were no significant differences in mortality and inhospital outcomes between groups 2 and 4 or between groups 3 and 4. Conclusion: Close monitoring and early intervention are suggested in SGAP infants.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the association between immunoglobulin G (IgG) at birth and late-onset sepsis (LoS) in preterm infants. Methods: Medical records of very-low-birth-weight infants, born at gestational age <28 weeks, between 2013 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of LoS (LoS vs. non-LoS), and IgG levels at 1 day, and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after birth were investigated. IgG levels, other perinatal factors, and clinical factors were compared in the two groups. The relationship between IgG levels and mortality among infants in the LoS group was also analyzed. Results: A total of 105 infants were analyzed after exclusion of cases with early onset sepsis or death at <72 hours of life. Gestational age in the LoS group was lower than in the non-LoS group (25.0±1.8 vs. 26.3±1.4 weeks, P=0.004). IgG levels at birth were similar between the two groups (236.4±96.4 vs. 282.0±104.7 mg/dL, P=0.078). Multivariate analysis showed that IgG at birth was not an independent risk factor for LoS. In the LoS group, IgG levels at birth were comparable between survivors and cases involving mortality. Conclusion: IgG levels at birth were not associated with the occurrence of LoS in extremely preterm infants.