Previous studies have revealed that “neuromyths,” which are misconceptions about the brain, show a high prevalence among teachers in different countries. However, little is known about the origin of these ideas; that is to say, the sources that may influence their presence among teachers. This research aims to identify the prevalence of five frequent neuromyths among teachers in Quebec (belief in neuromyths and reported practices) and the reported sources of these beliefs (e.g., reading popular science texts). A total of 972 teachers from Quebec responded to an online questionnaire. Results show a lower prevalence than previous studies (although it remains high), and that the main sources cited by participants are related to cognitive biases and university training. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report data supporting the idea that cognitive biases are related to the prevalence of neuromyths.
Serious games have become increasingly available to educators. Empirical studies and meta-analyses have examined their impact on learning achievement. However, natural sciences could have a special relation to serious games by their systematic use of quantitative and predictive models that can generate microworlds and simulations. Since no known meta-analysis on serious games observed a significant impact in the specific context of science learning, the present meta-analysis synthesized results from 79 empirical studies that compared the impact on science learning achievement of instruction using serious games versus instruction using more conventional methods. Consistent with theory and past meta-analyses not specifically related to science learning, post-instruction learning achievement was weakly to moderately higher for declarative knowledge, knowledge retention and procedural knowledge for students taught with serious games. Furthermore, findings of the present work suggest that five moderator variables produced significant effects on the relationship between playing serious games and learning outcomes, and three showed consistent variations in mean effect size that could lead to significance, with more studies and larger samples. These findings are discussed in connection with previous meta-analyses' findings, potential pedagogical implications and possible future research.
Les sciences cognitives s’invitent depuis peu dans les salles de classe dès l’entrée à l’école primaire. Elles peuvent enrichir les pratiques enseignantes, en proposant notamment de prendre en compte le fonctionnement neurocognitif de l’élève pour permettre la construction des connaissances et des compétences scolaires. Les connaissances dans ce domaine peuvent aussi être bénéfiques pour les élèves. En effet, certaines études ont suggéré la pertinence d’enseigner aux élèves le fonctionnement du cerveau et sa plasticité afin qu’ils développent une compréhension plus approfondie de leur propre fonctionnement intellectuel. Ce type de programme pédagogique permet notamment de développer chez eux un mindset plus dynamique, qui consiste à croire en l’amélioration des habiletés scolaires par la pratique et l’effort. Face à l’erreur, les élèves adhérant à cette conception auraient tendance à être plus motivés à se corriger, notamment en essayant de nouvelles stratégies, ce qui leur permettra ainsi de progresser dans leurs apprentissages. Une importante littérature scientifique s’entend donc quant à la nécessité de sensibiliser les élèves au rôle majeur du cerveau dans leurs apprentissages scolaires. Cet article vise à éclaircir le lien entre l’enseignement du fonctionnement cérébral, le mindset et leurs impacts sur les apprentissages scolaires. Puis, des séquences pédagogiques détaillées seront présentées afin de fournir des pistes d’intervention concrètes pour mettre en place ce type de programmes pédagogiques de découverte du cerveau et des outils cognitifs afin de sensibiliser tous les élèves à prendre conscience de leurs rôles déterminants dans les apprentissages scolaires.
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