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RESUMEN La economía mexicana es considerada una de las economías exportadoras de manufacturas más exitosas en el mundo, sin embargo, a pesar de la cantidad de tratados y acuerdos que existen con los países de la región, su desempeño comercial con Centroamérica y Sudamérica ha sido tradicionalmente pobre. El trabajo examina de manera empírica el comportamiento del comercio intra-industrial (CII) mexicano con las economías más representativas de la región latinoamericana a través de la estimación del índice Grubel-Lloyd (IGL). Este índice, sin ser catalogado como una medida perfecta, ha sido valorado como un buen indicador de la integración de la industria manufacturera en las economías desarrolladas. Las estimaciones realizadas con base en la Clasificación Uniforme de Comercio Internacional (CUCI) para este grupo de países concluyen que existe evidencia favorable para presumir que el comercio intra-industrial de México con los países de la región se ve influenciado por el nivel de desarrollo económico e industrial de los países participantes más que por cuestiones de acercamiento regional. PALABRAS CLAVE México, comercio intra-industrial, Centroamérica, Sudamérica. ABSTRACT The Mexican economy is one of the most successful exporting economies around the world. However, despite the number of agreements that exist with the Latin American countries, the trade performance with Central and South America has traditionally been poor. This paper explores, in an empirical way, the behavior of Mexican's intra-industrial trade (CII) with the most representative economies of Central and South America through the Grubel-Lloyd index (IGL). The Grubel-Lloyd Index (IGL) is an imperfect measure of integration but has been valued as a good indicator of the integration of the manufacturing industry into the developed economies. The estimations carried out with the International Standard Classification of International Trade (SITC) for this group of countries show that there is evidence to assume that Mexico's intra-industry trade with the countries of the region is influenced by the level of economic development and Industrial development due to the regional approach.

Revision in Harmonized System (HS) and its impact of rules of origin (RoO) are matters of immense importance in international trade policy discourse due to its far reaching economic and trade implications. In this article, we analyse the impact of HS amendments on RoO, based on the change in tariff classification (CTC) by examining India’s trade agreements with South Korea and Japan. Findings of the article show that the revision in HS impacts 42% of subheadings with CTC rules in case of India- South Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) and 28% in case of India- Japan CEPA, thereby potentially affecting up to 48% and 16% share of their total trade, respectively. Harmonized System, Rules of Origin, Trade Policy, Free Trade Agreements, WCO

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