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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of certain characteristics of family business decision-making processes (customer orientation and open and negotiating family decision-making styles) to business and family goal achievement as mediated by emotions (family supportiveness). We undertook this study to better understand why certain family businesses make consistently better decisions than others, leading them to earn more money and have family members who are happier in their home lives. Decision theory undergirded the study development. The sample consisted of 277 family business owners, and the data are from the National Family Business Panel data set. Our results showed that if the business owners focused on customer satisfaction and product quality when making decisions, they tended to make more money and tended to be happier at home. If families made business decisions in open and negotiating ways, their members were happier about their decisions because they felt supported by the other family members. Furthermore, family members who felt good about the support they got from their family members in their business decision-making were also happier in their home lives in general.

The aim of this paper is to examine the potential differences in the entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) of female entrepreneurs who own businesses in gender congruent and incongruent industries. Through the lens of social role theory the four antecedents of efficacy are examined. The results of ten in-depth, qualitative interviews show there are overarching similarities in all factors between the groups but nuanced differences in the areas of mastery experiences, social persuasion and vicarious learning. Differences were also found in the areas of social comparisons and perceived gender stereotypes. The paper discusses how ESE manifests for female entrepreneurs based on the gender congruency of the industry in which her business operates. Last, areas for future research are discussed.

Academic institutions frequently offer robust accounting training options. However, small business managers often lack formal accounting training. While the potential impact of lack of accounting training on small businesses is large, relatively little research has been done on the direct impact of different types of accounting training on small business performance. This paper utilises a sample of 148 young small business professionals from the California Central Valley with their completed surveys. Three hypotheses have been developed. This study applied stepwise regression analysis to test the hypotheses outlined above, and the results of these hypothesis tests show that tax accounting training helps to foster growth, while managerial accounting training helps to foster new technology adoption. This research responds to scholarly calls to address the dearth of research on the impact of discrete types of accounting education on small business performances. Research results will not only encourage innovations in business education, but also provide resourceful information for policy makers who work on small business policies.