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Deep foundations by implementation of piles have been the historical and conventional solution for supporting heavy loads in low-strength or highly compressible soils. During recent decades, however, ground improvement has successfully been able to provide competitive and economical technical foundation solutions by increasing the ground's mechanical properties, thereby increasing bearing capacity and reducing total, differential and creep settlements. Controlled modulus columns are formed by installing cementitious columnar rigid inclusions into soft ground, and can be considered as the boundary between the classical deep foundations and ground improvement technologies. These elements have a pile-like appearance, but are designed as ground improvement inclusions. This paper discusses the concept of the controlled modulus column, its design philosophy and the way it behaves; a case study of the world record for depth of a controlled modulus column installation is also presented to demonstrate its application.

Deep foundations have been the historical and conventional solution to support heavy loads in poor capacity soils; however during the past decades ground improvement has successfully been able to provide competitive and economical technical foundation solutions by increasing the ground mechanical properties, and thereby increasing bearing capacity, and reducing total, differential, and creep settlements. More recent ground improvement techniques, such as Controlled Modulus Columns (CMC), that are based on the concept of introducing cementitious columnar inclusions into soft grounds are often confused with in-situ piling methods. This paper will discuss the concept of CMC, its design philosophy, the way it behaves and a case study will be presented to demonstrate its application.

Предмет исследования: использование технологий механической и гидравлической консолидации грунтов и вертикального армирования грунтов для разных типов слабых оснований. Цели: демонстрация современных возможностей и подходов к проектированию и устройству искусственных оснований. Материалы и методы: рассмотрены такие методы инженерной подготовки оснований, как механическая консолидация (тяжелая трамбовка), гидравлическая консолидация (вертикальный дренаж, вакуумирование грунтов), вертикальное армирование грунтов (колонны заданной прочности). Результаты: наглядное представление применимости описанных технологий для различных типов слабых оснований. Выводы: рассмотренные технологии инженерной подготовки оснований являются эффективной альтернативой как свайным фундаментам, так и замене грунтов. На сегодняшний день промышленное внедрение технологий инженерной подготовки оснований доказало свою применимость, эффективность и конкурентоспособность.