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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exercise training and dietary supplementation of resveratrol on the composition of gut microbiota and to test the hypothesis that exercise training and resveratrol can prevent high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced changes in the gut microbiota. Mice fed a HFD supplemented with resveratrol (4 g/kg food) were protected against diet‐induced obesity, while exercise trained HFD‐fed animals (running on average 50 km/week) were not. Dietary resveratrol supplementation induced changes predominantly in the low‐abundant bacteria, while exercise training induced changes in the high‐abundant bacteria in the gut as analyzed by ADONIS test with Weighted UniFrac distances. Interestingly, the two interventions affected the gut microbiome independently of the inflammatory state of the HFD‐fed animals as assessed by the systemic serum amyloid A levels. These results suggest that both resveratrol supplementation and regular physical activity modulate the composition of murine microbiota independently of the systemic inflammatory state. Moreover, the effects of exercise training on the microbiota seem to occur without changes in adiposity, while resveratrol‐mediated alterations may relate to adipose tissue mass.

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A two‐phase assay was used to assess chemokinesis and gravikinesis of Tetrahymena cells. METHOD: Tetrahymena thermophila cells were cultured without stirring at 36°C in a medium containing proteose peptone, yeast extract, glucose, and MOPS. Growing cells or cells in the stationary phase (1 million cells/ml) were used. Before assay, the cells were diluted 1+1. A semi‐microcuvette contained a 1‐ml bottom‐phase with NycoPrep™ Universal (5% w/v) and MOPS. Carefully, a 1‐mL top‐phase in the same buffer was layered on top of the bottom‐phase. Cells were either in the top‐ or the bottom‐phase. A commercially fed supplement for animals was used as chemoattractant in the phase opposite to the cells (Bioprotein, BP; Norferm, Norway). Changes in cell concentrations were monitored as optical density at 600 nm.RESULTS: (1) cells in top‐phase: −BP, 0.0001/30 min;+BP, 0.12/4 min. (2) cells in bottom‐phase: top‐phase exposed to a stream of nitrogen gas: −BP, 0.07/2 min; +BP 0.05/2 min; top‐phase not exposed to a stream of nitrogen gas: −BP, 0.08/2 min; +BP, 0.04/2 min. CONCLUSIONS: The BP proved to be an effective chemoattractant. Gravikinesis was observed with and without the presence of BP. Aerotaxis was not observed. The two‐phase assay is a sensitive, reliable, and quick procedure for the assessment of chemokinesis and gravikinesis.