Most tutorials in video games do not consider the skill level of the player when deciding what information to present. This makes many tutorials either tedious for experienced players or not informative enough for players who are new to the given genre. With Talin, implemented as an asset in the Unity game engine, we make it possible to create a mastery model of an individual player's skill levels by operationalizing Dan Cook's skill atom theory. We propose that using this mastery model opens up a new design space when it comes to designing tutorials. We show an example tutorial implementation with Talin assembled using only graphical components provided by our framework, without the need of writing any code. The dynamic tutorial implementation results in the player receiving information only when they need it, whenever they need it. While the novice player is given all the information they need to learn the system, the expert player is not bogged down by tooltip pop-ups regarding mechanics they have already mastered.
Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents built to "beat the game", our agents aim to produce human-like behavior to help with game evaluation and balancing. We discuss two fundamental metrics based on which we measure the human-likeness of agents, namely skill and style, which are multi-faceted concepts with practical implications outlined in this paper. We report four case studies in which the style and skill requirements inform the choice of algorithms and metrics used to train agents; ranging from A* search to state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning. We, further, show that the learning potential of state-of-the-art deep RL models does not seamlessly transfer from the benchmark environments to target ones without heavily tuning their hyperparameters, leading to linear scaling of the engineering efforts and computational cost with the number of target domains.
Many games are reliant on creating new and engaging content constantly to maintain the interest of their playerbase. One such example are puzzle games, in such it is common to have a recurrent need to create new puzzles. Creating new puzzles requires guaranteeing that they are solvable and interesting to players, both of which require significant time from the designers. Automatic validation of puzzles provides designers with a significant time saving and potential boost in quality. Automation allows puzzle designers to estimate different properties, increase the variety of constraints, and even personalize puzzles to specific players. Puzzles often have a large design space, which renders exhaustive search approaches infeasible, if they require significant time. Specifically, those puzzles can be formulated as quadratic combinatorial optimization problems. This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm, empowered by expert-knowledge informed heuristics, for solving logical puzzles in video games efficiently, leading to a more efficient design process. We discuss multiple variations of hybrid genetic approaches for constraint satisfaction problems that allow us to find a diverse set of near-optimal solutions for puzzles. We demonstrate our approach on a fantasy Party Building Puzzle game, and discuss how it can be applied more broadly to other puzzles to guide designers in their creative process.
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