C lostridioides (the genus name of this bacterium was changed from Clostridium to Clostridioides during 2018) diffi cile infection (CDI) is responsible for almost half a million infections and ≈29,000 deaths in the United States annually (1). During 2000-2014, the number of hospitalizations from CDI increased from 134,518 to 361,945, and the
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