Objetivo:  Analisar a produção científica sobre as possíveis lesões pulmonares em jovens adultos usuários do cigarro eletrônico identificadas no diagnóstico de EVALI. Métodos: Estudo de Revisão Bibliográfica Integrativa, com busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs, publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Encontrou-se 204 artigos e foram selecionados 12 artigos completos para compor o estudo. Foram inseridos artigos que abordavam as lesões pulmonares após o uso de cigarro eletrônico, seus e desfecho clínico e conduta. Resultados: Os danos causados ao epitélio respiratório envolvem a relação do processo patológico e os constituintes do cigarro eletrônico, principalmente a vitamina E, que tem a capacidade de promover processos inflamatórios agudos. Os métodos diagnósticos por meio da tomografia computadorizada, ressaltam achados inespecíficos, como os infiltrados bilaterais e as opacidades em vidro fosco, que podem ser complementares aos achados clínicos. O tratamento medicamentoso se baseia, portanto, em medicações que resultam em uma resposta anti-inflamatória. Considerações finais:  A EVALI continua sendo uma patologia pulmonar de diagnóstico por exclusão, havendo a necessidade de um diagnóstico clínico radiológico para confirmação ou diferencial com demais doenças pulmonares.

Goal: Dissertation about the effective indications for massive transfusion in patients with severe trauma. Method: Literature review prepared between October and November 2022, through a search in the Scielo and Pubmed databases with the descriptors "massive transfusion", "blood Component transfusion", "protocol" and "indications". 5353 articles were found and, after the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were selected. Review: Hemorrhage is a preeminent cause of possibly preventable mortality in cases of trauma and in many cases requires massive transfusions (MT). Thus, in clinical practice it is mainly based on guidelines that determine different TM protocols (MTP). After the appreciation of an abundance of clinical parameters of the patient, one can opt for the massive transfusion that must be performed in a period of 24 hours. Conclusion: The lack of research that standardizes parameters for massive transfusions leads teams to evaluate different clinical standards based on different emergency services.

Goal: Explain the neurophysiology of placebo analgesia and its clinical implications in improving the prognosis of patients with chronic pain. Method: Bibliographic review carried out in October and November 2022, through research using the keywords "placebo analgesia", "mechanisms", "pain" and "placebo effect", in the PubMed Central (PMC) database. 1448 articles were found, of which 13 were considered eligible, after being selected according to the inclusion criteria, to compose this work. Review: Several neurophysiological mechanisms of placebo analgesia were found, and despite the different effects, several brain areas are related to these mechanisms such as somatomotor networks, thalamus, insula, limbic associations and thalamic nuclei, which are mediated by important neurotransmitters. Final considerations:The influence of pain modulation by the subjective pain mechanism is explained, showing placebo analgesia as an important component in the prognosis of patients with chronic pain.

Introduction: Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is a procedure that widens the sphincter of oddi, located in the ampulla of Vater, whose intention is to prevent pancreatic complications in patients unsuitable for cholecystectomy. Objective: To investigate the scientific evidence regarding surgical treatment involving EST in patients with choledocholithiasis, seeking to assess the association of this procedure with the complication of acute pancreatitis in relation to other techniques. Method: Literature review study, between October and November 2022, through the PubMed and Scielo databases, with a total of 13 articles selected after applying criteria. Review: The procedure is characterized by having a resolving and minimally invasive tendency in patients with potential risks of invasive procedures. The presence of hemodynamic instability are obstacles that contraindicate the performance of this surgery. EST has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence of biliary pancreatitis and has good effectiveness compared to other techniques. Final considerations: EST has the potential to reduce the risk of recurrence of biliary pancreatitis in patients who are not candidates for cholecystectomy.

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