The aim of this study was to evaluate four strains of Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP, T. harzianum IBLF 006 SC, T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 and T. asperellum URM 5911) for seedling growth promotion in laboratory and head lettuce yield in field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments (strains): IBLF 006 WP, IBLF 006 SC, ESALQ 1306 and URM 5911 and a non-inoculated (without Trichoderma) control. Each treatment consisted of 200 seeds, arranged in four replicates. Lettuce seeds cv. Astra were treated with 2 mL Trichoderma suspension (2.5 x 108 conidia mL-1 per each 100 g seeds) and submitted to growth assay in laboratory up to 7 days after sowing. For field experiment, we opened furrows, which were manually sprayed with 5 x 107 conidia mL-1. Afterwards, seedlings were transplanted (4 to 6 leaves of head lettuce cv. Mauren) and harvested 40 days later. Each treatment consisted of four replicates (1.2 x 1.2 m, 16 plants per plot) arranged in randomized blocks. In both experiments, a control without Trichoderma application was included, and we evaluated shoot length, root and total length, shoot, root and total fresh mass and shoot, root and total dry mass, shoot mass ratio, root mass ratio and shoot/root ratio. The germination (%) was evaluated by laboratory tests, whereas in field experiment, height, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves and yield were evaluated. The T. harzianum strain ESALQ 1306 provided the best head lettuce growth rate in laboratory test, which was confirmed in field experiment, in which the productivity (50.2 t ha-1) was superior when compared to the other strains (41.38 to 44.23 t ha-1) and the control (30.18 t ha-1).

The fungus Trichoderma spp. is known due to its versatility for promoting crop growth and grain yield, improving the nutrient absorption and increasing the grain yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate commercial strains of Trichoderma spp. and an organomineral fertilizer in the early growth promotion and grain yield of wheat plants. Thus, wheat seeds cv. BRS 264 were treated with 2 mL of a Trichoderma suspension (2.5 × 10 8 conidia mL -1 per 100 g seed) and submitted to growth in laboratory until 8 days after sowing (DAS). In the greenhouse experiment, the seeds were sown in an 8 L pot, which received 4.0 × 10 8 conidia of Trichoderma per pot. In both evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM), dry root mass (DRM), dry shoot mass (DSM), total biomass (BIO), root mass ratio (RMR), shoot mass ratio (SMR) and aerial part/root system ratio (AP/RS). In the greenhouse experiment, paniculation and grain yield were evaluated at 110 DAS. The treatments T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 and T. asperellum URM5911 were considered satisfactory, since they provided grain yield superior to 2,000 kg ha -1 . In addition, T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 provided the best results for PG, RL, SL, TL, FRM, FSM, TFM, DRM, DSM and BIO under greenhouse conditions. The reduced biomass allocation to the root system in seedlings treated with Trichoderma ssp. occurred in the laboratory, which was confirm in greenhouse.

ABSTRACT Although there exist researches about fertilization in top dressing in the production of cabbage, these are usually made with inorganic fertilizers, being rare the researches with organic fertilization in top dressing in the production of most vegetables. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different splitting of two organic fertilizers in top dressing in the production of cabbage. Six treatments were evaluated, with four replications in randomized block design. The six treatments were the result of the factorial 3x2, with three types of splitting (1/3+1/3+1/3; 4/6+1/6+1/6; 1/6+4/6+1/6 of the total dose in each application) and two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake and organic compost). The total dose of each fertilizer was calculated to apply 120 kg ha-1 N. The evaluated characteristics were number of external leaves, fresh weight of external leaves (g), fresh and dry head weight (g), head diameter (cm) and length (cm), yield and crop cycle (days after transplanting). Fertilization with castor bean cake resulted in greater yield, producing heads with higher weight, diameter and length in relation to the organic compost, besides reducing the cycle. The 4/6+1/6+1/6 splitting was better than the 1/6+4/6+1/6 splitting using castor bean cake.

A pinta preta, cujo agente causal é o fungo Alternaria spp., encontra-se distribuída pelas áreas de plantio de solanáceas, registrando consideráveis perdas de produção em diversas regiões do mundo. Neste sentido, a correta identificação do patógeno consiste no primeiro passo para o manejo da doença, visando a garantia do estabelecimento uniforme das culturas em campo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar o fungo Alternaria sp. ocorrente em órgãos vegetativos de tomate e batateira. Em inspeções fitossanitárias em propriedades rurais do município de Ipameri, Goiás, foram coletadas duas amostras de folhas de tomateiro, uma de fruto e uma de folhas de batateira exibindo lesões, as quais foram examinadas em estereomicroscópio. Para caracterização micromorfológica, foram confeccionadas lâminas semipermanentes, mediante a remoção de micélio e estruturas fúngicas encontradas sobre o tecido vegetal infectado. A espécie encontrada nos materiais de solanáceas analisados apresentou conídios com 18,4 – 54,8 x 5,8 – 18,4 µm, formato de pera invertida, coloração marrom clara e bico de 3,2 – 17,2 µm. Portanto, verifica-se a ocorrência da espécie A. alternata para as quatro amostras analisadas.