No abstract

Regular resistance exercise is associated with metabolic, neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations which improve quality of life and health. However, sedentary subjects have shown acute impairments in endothelial function after high-intensity resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate endothelial function in sedentary middle-aged men after a single session of resistance exercise at different intensities. Eleven sedentary middle-aged men (40.1 ± 3.9 years; 27.3 ± 1.4 kg/m 2 ) underwent three different conditions of assessment: (1) single knee extension exercise at moderate intensity (MI) [4 sets of 12 repetitions at 50% of one repetition maximum (1RM) for each leg], (2) single knee extension exercise at high intensity (HI) (4 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% of 1RM for each leg), (3) resting for the control condition (CON). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed before, 30 and 60 min after exercise. Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitrites and nitrates (NO x ) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured before, immediately after and 60 min after exercise. Blood pressure (BP) was measured prior to the experimental protocols, and in the following times: immediately following, and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after exertion. There was a significant improvement in FMD 30 min after MI condition (12.5 ± 4.10 vs. 17.2 ± 3.9%; p = 0.016). NO x levels were significantly higher immediately after MI (6.8 ± 3.3 vs. 12.6 ± 4.2 μM; p = 0.007) and there was a significant increase in the concentration of ET-1 immediately after HI (20.02 ± 2.2 vs. 25.4 ± 2.1 pg/mL; p = 0.004). However, there was no significant difference for BP (MI vs. HI) and TBARS among the experimental conditions. Resistance exercise performed at moderate intensity improved vasodilatation via increases on NOx levels and FMD in sedentary middle-aged men.

This exploratory study investigated the effects of early vs. delayed time-restricted eating (TRE) plus caloric restriction (CR) on body weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight and obesity. Adults (20 to 40 years) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 8 weeks: early TRE (eTRE; 8:00-16:00) plus CR, delayed TRE (dTRE; 12:00-20:00) plus CR, or only CR (CR; 8:00-20:00). All groups were prescribed a 25% energy deficit relative to daily energy requirements. Thirteen participants completed the study in the eTRE and CR groups, and eleven in the dTRE group (n=37). After the interventions, there was no significant difference between the three groups for any of the outcomes. Compared to baseline, significant decreases were observed in body weight (eTRE group: -4.2 kg; 95% CI, -5.6 to -2.7; dTRE group: -4.8 Kg; 95% CI, -5.9 to -3.7; CR: -4.0 kg; 95% CI, -5.9 to -2.1), fat mass (eTRE group: -2.9 kg; 95% CI, -3.9 to -1.9; dTRE group: -3.6 Kg; 95% CI, -4.6 to -2.5; CR: -3.1 kg; 95% CI, -4.3 to -1.8), and fasting glucose levels (eTRE group: -4 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8 to -1; dTRE group: -2 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8 to 3; CR: -3 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8 to 2). In a free-living setting, TRE with a caloric deficit, regardless of the time of day, promotes similar benefits in weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters. However, given the exploratory nature of our study, further investigation is needed to confirm these findings.

Farinha, JB, Macedo, CEO, Rodrigues-Krause, J, Krüger, RL, Boeno, FP, Macedo, RCO, Queiroz, JN, Teixeira, BC, and Reischak-Oliveira, A. Effects of two combined exercise designs associated with high-fat meal consumption on postprandial lipemia, insulinemia, and oxidative stress. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1422-1430, 2018-Impaired postprandial lipemia (PPL) response after the consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM) is linked to diabetes, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate lipid and glucose metabolism and oxidative stress responses of 2 different combined exercise designs associated with HFM consumption. Eleven healthy and physically active men (27.36 ± 5.04 years) participated in this study. After the pretrial visits, participants were randomly assigned to perform 2-day trials in 3 different conditions (interspaced by at least 1 week): resting (REST), circuit combined exercise (CIRC), or traditional combined exercise (COMB), on the evening of day 1. On the morning of day 2, an HFM was provided and blood samples were obtained before and after 1, 3, and 5 hours of HFM consumption. No differences were found with respect to glucose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, or total thiol levels in between time points or conditions. One-way analysis of variance demonstrated a difference between REST and CIRC (p = 0.029; reduction of 35.29%) and between REST and COMB (p = 0.041; reduction of 33.41%) conditions with incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for triacylglycerol levels. A difference between REST and CIRC (p = 0.03; reduction of 34.22%) conditions in terms of iAUC for insulin was also found. Both CIRC and COMB exercise designs can reduce PPL associated with HFM consumption. Moreover, CIRC reduces the iAUC for insulin, suggesting additional benefits for prescribing this type of exercise.

Fructose consumption (0.5 g/kg) severely increased postprandial TG on day 1, but not on day 2. Previous exercise performance could lead to ~ 30% reduction on the AUC of postprandial TG in 13 h, but not after 37 h followed by fructose consumption. The regularity of physical exercise practice seems to be essential to promote a constant hypolipemic effect.