comprise geographically restricted surveys (Almeida Jr. et al. 2009), with the exception of the review of two floristic surveys and herbarium collection, on the restingas of Ceará state, by Santos-Filho et al. (2011). It is necessary to continue studies on these formations in order to improve our knowledge about the Brazilian restingas (Almeida Jr. et al. 2009). This is essential to support land use and occupation of the coastal region (Queiroz 2007), which is particularly important to protect the few areas along the Brazilian coast that are still occupied by remnants of native vegetation. In Sergipe, Northeast's smallest state, published works in areas of restinga are still scarce, featured only by Santos et al. (2011). However, some studies, monographs and dissertations have already donebeen, as the floristic survey accomplished by Nascimento, Jr. (2011) in Santo Amaro das Brotas, on the north coast of the state. Although there are protected areas in the region (one Biological Reserve, on the northern coast of the state, and one Environmental Protection Area, on the southern coast), the increased occupation of Sergipe's coast is raising concerns about the threats to the conservation of these environments and their diversity. This work presents a list of species of Angiosperms collected in the restingas of Sergipe state, in an effort to fill the research gap of the restingas in this area. Materials and Methods Study site Situated in the Northeast Region, the state of Sergipe has an area of 21,918,354 km 2 , with a population of 2068,017 inhabitants (IBGE 2010). Located between the coordinates 9°30′ and 11°30′ S, and 36°20′ and 38°00′ W, it is limited in the north by the state of Alagoas, in the east, by the Atlantic Ocean, and in the south and west, by the state of Bahia (Figure 1). (Sacramento et al. 2007). In the sandy coastal plains, the restinga vegetation consists of a mosaic of plant communities subject to marine and fluvial-marine influence, though physiognomically distinct (CONAMA Resolution No. 07/1996). It is a very peculiar ecosystem, diverse in structure and flora composition (Assis et al. 2004). The physiognomies found may vary from psammophylous-reptant herbaceous communities, in the region close to the seashore, to coastal forests, formed by shrub and tree species, in more distant areas ofthe ocean influence (Oliveira-Filho and Carvalho 1993). The restinga vegetation plays a primary role in the consolidation of the substrate, and provides food resources for resident and migratory wildlife (Scherer et al. 2005). Despite its importance, its composition is not well known, requiring further studies (Pereira et al. 2001), particularly in Northeastern Brazil (Sacramento et al. 2007). In this region, the restingas comprise a strip of sandy substrate, that goes from Bahia state to the mouth of the Parnaíba River, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí (Almeida Jr. et al. 2007). Despite the high diversity of species in the restingas of the Northeast (Almeida Jr. et al. 2007), there are still few studies ...
Resumo O câncer colorretal está entre as neoplasias malignas que mais acometem pacientes no Brasil e no mundo. Seu diagnóstico precoce permite um tratamento mais eficaz e um prognóstico muito bom para o paciente, mas é dificultado pela generalidade dos sinais e sintomas ligados ao câncer colorretal, uma vez que também estão relacionados a outras patologias. Sua fisiopatologia apresenta características de desenvolvimento semelhantes a da maioria das lesões neoplásicas, mas com seu desenvolvimento silencioso e dependendo da localização da lesão, o diagnóstico pode demorar anos para ser realizado, muitas vezes acontecendo tardiamente. O diagnóstico sempre está ligado a exames endoscópios, principalmente a colonoscopia, aliados a exame físico e clínico, e a realização de biópsias que confirmam a presença do carcinoma colorretal e indicam a melhor saída para o tratamento cirúrgico. Esse trabalho busca, por meio de revisão da literatura, esclarecer as formas mais adequadas e que são empregadas no diagnóstico de câncer colorretal, através da pesquisa de artigos em site de busca acadêmica: Pubmed e Scielo. Após análise dos dados compilados da literatura fica claro que o correto diagnóstico anatomopatológico, bem como o estadiamento no momento da intervenção cirúrgica é de extrema importância, tanto para a definição do tratamento, quanto para o prognóstico dos pacientes. Adicionalmente o diagnóstico precoce, quer pela imediata investigação de sintomas suspeitos quer pelo rastreio da população e de grupos de risco, permite diminuir a mortalidade em pacientes com câncer colorretal.
Epiphytic and rupicolous plants inhabit environments with limited water resources.Such plants commonly use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), a photosynthetic pathway that accumulates organic acids in cell vacuoles at night, so reducing their leaf water potential and favouring water absorption. Foliar water uptake (FWU) aids plant survival during drought events in environments with high water deficits. We hypothesized that FWU represents a strategy employed by epiphytic and rupicolous orchids for water acquisition and that CAM will favour increased water absorption.• We examined 6 epiphyte, 4 terrestrial and 6 rupicolous orchids that use C3 (n = 9) or CAM (n = 7) pathways. Five individuals per species were used to evaluate FWU, structural characteristics and leaf water balance.• Rupicolous species with C3 metabolism had higher FWU than other species. FWU (C max and k) could be related to succulence, SLM and leaf RWC. The results indicated that high orchid leaf densities favoured FWU, as area available for water storage increases with leaf density. Structural characteristics linked to water storage (e.g. high RWC, succulence), on the other hand, could limit leaf water absorption by favouring high internal leaf water potentials.• Epiphytic, rupicolous and terrestrial orchids showed FWU. Rupicolous species had high levels of FWU, probably through absorption from mist. However, succulence in plants with CAM appears to mitigate FWU.
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