Industry 4.0 is causing a lot of changes related to the way people work, bringing a demand for a new worker profile, mainly for engineers, that need to have not only technical skills but also methodological, social and personal skills. So, there is a need to study and identify how the university prepares engineering students for Industry 4.0 jobs. To achieve this objective a literature review was made, twenty-nine skills of Industry 4.0 jobs were identified, and eight active learning methodologies were selected like paths that universities can use to develop skills for the Industry 4.0. To analyze how a university can use active learning methodologies to develop Industry 4.0 skills in engineering students, a questionnaire was applied in four engineering classes of the University of Brasilia, where the professors answered about the active learning methodology used and what skills were developed in the students, and the students answer the questionnaire with what skills they developed. A correlation analysis was applied to detect the different points of view between professors and students. Then, a decision tree was used to identify what skills were most developed by the active learning methodology used by the professor. The results show that are some divergences between the two points of view, and the questionnaire needs to be adaptable to measure with more reliability the skills that the professor wants to develop in each engineering class.
A formação de profissionais que possam ser agentes de mudança na sociedade é enfatizada na literatura como fundamental para o desenvolvimento de um país. Desta forma, há um movimento das instituições de ensino para sair da abordagem tradicional e estimular um processo de aprendizado baseado na construção de conhecimento por meio da aplicação prática. Laboratórios de fabricação digital tem surgido nas instituições de ensino superior, em especial àquelas ligadas ao ensino de engenharia, utilizando as tecnologias de impressão 3D, permitindo a prototipagem de soluções para os problemas apresentados. Contudo, apesar da expansão da aplicação da impressão 3D no ensino, a mesma nem sempre vem acompanhada de uma metodologia de ensino. Neste contexto, este artigo discorre sobre um estudo de caso de como e onde a impressão 3D vem sendo aplicada no ensino de engenharia da Universidade de Brasília. Palavras-chave: impressão 3D; ensino de engenharia; manufatura aditiva; laboratório aberto.
Demand forecasting is an essential part of an efficient inventory control system. However, when the demand has an intermittent or lumpy behavior, forecasting it becomes a challenging task. Several methods have been developed to solve this issue, but nonetheless, they only consider the information about the occurrence of demand, failing to assess the drivers of the data behavior. With the current digitalization of the industry, more data is available and, therefore, the chances of finding a causal relationship between the available data and the demand increases. Considering that, this paper proposes a single-hidden layer neural network for forecasting irregularly spaced time series with attributes conveying information about the past demand, seasonality of the data and specialized knowledge about the process. The neural network proposed is compared with benchmark neural networks and traditional forecasting methods for intermittent demand using three different performance measures on actual demand data from an industry operating in the aircraft maintenance sector. Statistical analysis is conducted on comparison results to identify significant differences in the forecasting methods according to each performance measure.
As mudanças impulsionadas pelas tecnologias impactam os modelos de negócio, produtos, serviços e sistemas técnicos que exigem profissionais capazes de atuar com equipes multidisciplinares e combinar diferentes áreas de conhecimento para gerarem soluções que resolvam o problema não só no aspecto técnico, mas também considerando o seu impacto econômico, social e ambiental. Deste modo, os engenheiros do futuro devem ser formados em ambientes de aprendizagem que permitam o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências técnicas, metodológicas, pessoais e sociais. Esses ambientes são compostos pelas metodologias de aprendizagem ativa, que têm como pilares a aprendizagem centrada no aluno, autonomia, reflexão, problematização da realidade, trabalho em equipe, inovação e o professor como facilitador. Para verificar quais habilidades e competências são desenvolvidas pelas metodologias ativas, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso com uma disciplina da Universidade de Brasília, cujo resultado permitiu verificar a efetividade dessas metodologias.Palavras-chave: metodologias de aprendizagem ativa; engenheiros do futuro; ambientes de aprendizagem.
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