Introduction: The growth of the Brazilian older adult population has influenced the increased demand for institutionalization for this public, which usually has poor oral health conditions such as edentulism. Objective: To characterize the oral health conditions and verify the variables related to the edentulism of institutionalized older adults and verify the relation of the time of institutionalization with oral health. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 512 institutionalized older adults in which the sociodemographic profile, general health conditions, and oral health care and conditions were evaluated by clinical exams, consultations of medical records, and structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences using the Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests and a logistic regression model using a 95% confidence level. Results: A high DMFT (29.4), high prevalence of complete edentulism (61.3%), high need for maxillary (73.6%), and mandibular oral rehabilitation (56.8%) were observed. Edentulism was associated with older age (p<0.001), lower schooling (p<0.001) and non-retirement (p=0.031). It was found that longer institutionalization time remained associated with edentulism even when adjusted by sociodemographic and general health variables (p=0.013). It was also associated with the absence of brushing (p=0.024) and a lower frequency of tooth, gum, and prosthesis brushing (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is suggested to establish oral health care routines within long-term institutions for the effective maintenance of oral health throughout the institutionalization time.
O presente artigo tem como objetivo comparar as condições de saúde bucal de idosos residentes em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos no município de Fortaleza, Ceará (G1), com idosos não institucionalizados (G2). Foram obtidos dados sociodemográficos e realizados exames intrabucais para avaliar as condições: cárie dentária, doença periodontal, edentulismo e uso/necessidade de próteses dentárias. Os dados foram analisados através do software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), versão 22.0 através de testes estatísticos apropriados. Diferença significativa foi observada no índice CPO-D, cuja média foi de 28,4 entre o G1 e 24,1 entre o G2 (P=0,02). A ocorrência de cálculo dentário, sangramento gengival e bolsa periodontal foi semelhante entre os grupos. A porcentagem de indivíduos desdentados totais foi de 33,3%, sendo em sua maioria do G1. Já em relação ao uso e necessidade de próteses dentárias, o G1 utilizava mais e necessitava mais de uma nova prótese total. Já entre o G2, a maior necessidade foi de uma reabilitação oral parcial, mas em contrapartida, o uso de próteses foi menor. Conclui-se que G1 teve uma saúde bucal mais precária em comparação a G2, caracterizada por maior número de dentes perdidos, carecendo de medidas de promoção e recuperação de saúde bucal.
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