The aimed of this study was quantified total phenols content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in extruded ready-to-eat products made from yellow corn added with apple pomace powder. A central composite rotatable experimental design was used. The variables tested were exit die temperature (140-180 °C), feed moisture (14-20 g/100 g) and apple pomace concentration (0-30 g/100 g). The effect of the process variables on the total contents of phenols, flavonols, flavanols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity was evaluated using the response surface methodology. The data of each response were fitted to a second-order model with determination coefficients ≥ 0.71. The extruded product with no added apple bagasse showed the lowest values of the evaluated phytochemicals but had higher antioxidant activity by DPPH. The addition of apple pomace increased the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in extruded ready-to-eat products made with yellow corn. This makes it possible to obtain a formulation of an extruded food rich in phenolic compounds with potential to contribute to prevention of oxidative stress, while making use of agro-industrial waste from apple juice extraction.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the combination of different factors involved in the development of a sustainable process of maize nixtamalization using a fractional factorial design (26‐2) to evaluate pH, percentage of dry matter, water absorption capacity and total phenolic content. The optimization was carried out using the global desirability function. Therefore, optimal conditions were applied for the evaluation of the bioactivity of phenolic compounds through antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and these characteristics were compared with the traditional nixtamalization process. In general, the global desirability function was 0.872 which indicated that the nixtamalization process was adequate. The process under optimum conditions retained higher phenolic compounds than the traditional process and presented higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The optimized nixtamalization process can be used to obtain maize nixtamal with greater retention of bioactive compounds and a process that generates a positive impact on the environment. Practical applications The sustainable process of nixtamalization of white creole maize, optimizing the use of different salts, cooking, and rest times of the grain to obtain a nixtamal with greater retention of phenolic compounds in comparison with the traditional process. Also, the proposed sustainable nixtamalization process allows to reduce the negative impact on the environment and is an important tool for the evaluation of different factors that affect the process.

Se evaluaron nueve variedades de frijol originarias de Zacatecas, principal productor de esta leguminosa en México. Se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos como antocianinas, flavonoides, taninos condensados y fenólicos totales, así como su capacidad antioxidante por el método de DPPH. El contenido de antocianinas, flavonoides y taninos varió de 0.22 mg a 3.45 mg equivalentes de cianidina-3-glucosido (EC3G)/100 g, 16 mg a 103 mg equivalentes de catequina (EC)/100 g y 474 mg a 587 mg equivalentes de catequina (EC)/100 g, respectivamente. Por otra parte, la concentración de fenólicos totales varió de 67 mg a 204 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico (EAG)/100 g. La mayor cantidad de fenólicos totales (64% a 93%) y flavonoides totales (55% a 81%) se encontraron en su fracción ligada. Los niveles de capacidad antioxidante fueron de 243 μmol a 1282 μmol equivalentes de trolox (ET)/100 g. Las variedades Flor de Junio y Negro San Luis presentaron los mayores contenidos de fenólicos totales, flavonoides y capacidad antioxidante.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el contenido de compuestos fenólicos; minerales como Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn y Zn; la capacidad antioxidante por DPPH, ABTS y ORAC; y la actividad antihipertensiva en pingüica colectada en Zacatecas. El contenido de flavonoides, taninos, cumarinas y fenólicos fue de 52 mg equivalentes de catequina/100 g, 278 mg equivalentes de catequina/100 g, 67 mg equivalentes de cumarina/100 g y 323 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/100 g, respectivamente. En cuanto a la capacidad antioxidante, se obtuvieron niveles de 6214 μmol equivalentes de trolox/100 g, 8465 μmol equivalentes de trolox/100 g y 7141 μmol equivalentes de trolox/100 g para DPPH, ABTS yORAC, respectivamente. La actividad antihipertensiva, evaluada mediante la inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina I, presentó una inhibición del 50%. El contenido de Ca y Fe detectado en pingüica cumple con los requerimientos diarios de consumo, y el contenido de Mg, Mn y Zn se encontró por debajo de la dosis diaria recomendada.