La generación de energía por medio de fuentes renovables ha ganado importancia en campos investigativos de la ingeniería gracias a los efectos adversos que generan los combustibles fósiles, bajo ese contexto, la generación de energía por medio de biomasa residual presenta grandes ventajas debido a su potencial y bajo costo. El departamento de Córdoba es una zona la cual actividades como agricultura y ganadería predominan la economía, de esta ultima se obtiene el material ruminal bovino que podría ser aprovechado como fuente de energía debido a su capacidad energética y a su vez la reducción del impacto ambiental. En este trabajo se evalúa la co-combustion de la mezcla Contenido ruminal-Metano en plantas de sacrificio con miras a su aprovechamiento energético. Para ello se realizó una caracterización de la biomasa con miras a su aprovechamiento energético donde se realizaron actividades como, análisis último, granulometría, densidad real, aparente, porosidad, curvas de secado para determinar la cinética de la biomasa y un modelo de combustión adiabática. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un poder calorífico de 10229.80 kJ/kg, granulometría de 1.70 mm, una densidad real, aparente y una porosidad de 1.631, 0.750 (g/cm3) y 0.528 respectivamente, una relación aire-biomasa de 2.55, temperatura de llama adiabática de 1598°C y una eficiencia del 87% del proceso donde se concluyó que existe un potencial energético que puede ser aprovechado para la sustitución de metano como combustible, sin embargo, se deben realizar diferentes caracterizaciones fisicoquímicas en distintas épocas del año para analizar las diferencias que presentan la biomasa mencionada.
One of the methods to reduce environmental impacts is to use renewable resources such as biomass or even waste. In this work, a novel power generation system in biomass-powered steam cycles was proposed, comprising biomass gasification, a steam turbine, a pump and a condenser. A biomass feedstock (rice husk) was used in the gasifier as input fuel. The devised system was analyzed taking into account the sustainability evaluation that includes thermodynamic and environmental parameters. An energetic, exergetic and exergoecological analysis was carried out. In addition, a detailed sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effects of varying operating parameters on system efficiency. According to the results, the energy and exergetic efficiencies of the system had a value of 23,680% and 12,830%, respectively, where the boiler and the turbine presented the highest average environmental impact per input and output exergy. The components with the highest environmental impact index associated with exergy destruction were the condenser and the boiler, representing 99,82%, demonstrating profit margins in the formation of pollutants and exergy destruction. The entire system had a total ecological impact of 2,614 mPt/s and can be reduced mainly by improving its exergetic efficiency. Exergoecological assessments can be used to support power generation in complex cycles, especially to reduce the generation of environmental pollution.
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