The Spanish Central System is a Cenozoic pop-up with an E W to NE SW orientation that affects an the crust (thick-skinned tectonics). It shows antifonn geometry in the upper crust with thickening in the lower crust. Together -with the Iberian Chain it constitutes the most prominent mmmtainous structure of the Pyrenean foreland.The evolutionary patterns concerning the paleotopography of the interior of the Peninsula can be established by an analysis of the fo11owing data: gravimetric, topographical, macro and micro tectonic, sedimentological (infilling of the sedimentary basins of the relative foreland), P T t path from apatite fission tracks, paleoseismic and instrumental seismicity.Deformation is dearly asymmetric in the Central System as evidenced by the existence of an unique, large (crustal-scale) thrust at its southern border, while in the northern one there is a normal sequence of north verging thrusts, towards the Duero Basin, whose activity ended during the Lower Miocene. This deformation was accomplished lUlder triaxial compression, Oligocene Lower Miocene in age, marked by NW SE to NNW SSE shortening. Loca11y orientations of paleostresses deviate from that of the regional tensor, follo-wing a period of relative tectonic quiescence. During the Upper Miocene Pliocene, a reactivation of constrictive stress occurred and some structures underwent rejuvenation as a consequence of the action of tectonic stresses similar to those of today (lUliaxial extension to strike slip -with NW SE shortening direction). However, the westernmost areas show continuous activity throughout the whole of the Tertiary, with no apparent pulses. At the present time there is a moderate seismic activity in the Central System related to faults that were active during the Cenozoic, with the same kinematic characteristics.

Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis (SPT) was initially diagnosed and described in the late 1800's. The entity had a high incidence and mortality during this period of time, and a surgical therapeutic approach was the treatment of choice. Since then, the diagnosis, incidence, and management of the entity evolved. This evolution followed the development of newer diagnostic tools such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. The treatment of SPT has had significant changes as well, from a surgical approach at the end of the 19th century to a medical approach after the 1960's. By using an adequate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, mortality has decreased. However, controversy in the management of this entity remains even till today.

We sought to determine if gravidas with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) compared with nondiabetic gravidas. This is a retrospective case-control study of 150 pregnant patients with pregestational DM and 294 nondiabetic controls. Rates of ASB and any colony count of group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteriuria were reviewed. The incidence of ASB among pregestational diabetics was higher compared with nondiabetic gravidas (18% versus 8.2%, odds ratio [OR] 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37 to 4.45). GBS was the most common organism in diabetic gravidas (26%). There was no difference in incidence of ASB recurrence (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.37 to 4.36), but antibiotic resistance was higher in the control group (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.91). Diabetic gravidas with ASB or any level of GBS bacteriuria had higher hemoglobin A (1c) values compared with diabetics without ASB (8.31 +/- 1.89 versus 7.31 +/- 1.84, P = 0.0035). Our results demonstrate that gravidas with DM are at increased risk of ASB including GBS bacteriuria compared with non-diabetic gravidas.

As part of a systematic mapping program of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Research Plan for the Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), gravity surveys were carried out offshore the Canary Islands. Using the gravity data collected during cruises between 1998 and 2000 aboard the RV Hesperides and satellite and land data, we construct free air and Bouguer anomaly maps and discuss the geodynamic implications.Using maps of Bouguer anomaly, free air anomaly, vertical derivative, long wavelength Bouguer anomaly and short wavelength anomaly, a detailed description of the gravity characteristics of the archipelago is presented, describing gravity anomalies from a geologic point of view. The character of the crust throughout the studied area has been defined, as well as high gradient zones that limit crustal blocks of different density. High gradient zones have been mapped for the first time and interpreted as fracture zones, taking into account geophysical and geological information. Gravity highs and lows have been studied and related to crustal, mantle and volcanic effects.

Recently, there has been a resurgence of malaria in densely populated areas of the United States secondary to human migration from endemic areas where factors such as cessation of vector control, vector resistance to insecticides, disease resistance to drugs, environmental changes, political instability, and indifference, have played a role for malaria becoming an overwhelming infection of these tropical underdeveloped countries. It is important for health care providers of gravida to be alert of the disease and its effects on pregnancy.