El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar los factores explicativos de la percepción y adaptación de los productores de café al cambio climático en la región Mazateca de Oaxaca y Cuetzalan de Puebla. La información se obtuvo de una encuesta a productores de café, en la que se incluyeron preguntas sobre características sociodemográficas del productor, uso de tecnología agrícola, costos e ingresos, percepción, adaptación y afectaciones al cultivo de café por cambio climático. Se aplicó muestreo aleatorio simple, con 95% de confiabilidad y 10% de precisión. Los productores identificaron que el cambio climático está afectando el rendimiento y la calidad del producto. La percepción del riesgo esta correlacionada de forma significativa (p < 0.05) con medida de adaptación al cambio climático. Los factores explicativos de la percepción que fueron significativos (p < 0.05) son recibir asistencia técnica, escolaridad alta, ingreso del hogar alto, tamaño de más de 2.0 ha de la plantación y haber tenido afectaciones por cambios en el clima en los últimos cinco años. Recibir asistencia técnica contra no recibirla y tener escolaridad alta contra escolaridad baja aumentaron el logaritmo de la razón de probabilidades por 0.82 y 0.61, respectivamente. Tener ingreso alto incrementó la probabilidad de realizar adaptaciones (66%). Los cafeticultores tienen una fuerte percepción sobre las alteraciones climáticas y su impacto en los agroecosistemas de café. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre percepción y adaptaciones al cambio climático.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between use of agricultural technology and levels of crop yield and profitability of coffee farmers (Coffea arabica L.) en Puebal and Oaxaca, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: The field work was carried out in the Mazateca region of Oaxaca and the Cuetzalan region of Puebla, in 2019. The data were gathered by applying a survey, using a statistical sample, with 95% confidence and accuracy of 6% of the average coffee yields. Results: The profitability (BCR) was 0.90, which means that for each invested peso, 0.10 pesos were lost, that is, 10% of the investment. For Puebla farmers, the RBC was 1.0 and for Oaxaca producers, 0.81. The BCR of the producers that sold as parchment coffee was 1.16 for those from Cuetzalan and 1.04 for those from the Mazateca region. The group of producers that have high TUI have a different average yield and profitability than the average of the groups of producers that have medium and low TUI. The explanatory variables of yield and profitability are the TUI, the size of the PU, and human capital. Study Limitations/Implications: This study, in a next stage, could benefit from estimating the rate of technology adoption and the training needs of coffee farmers. Conclusions: Due to the positive effect of TUI and HC on yields and profitability, these can be part of public policy interventions to improve coffee growing.
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