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The Toyota Prius MG2 electric motor and its upgrades, since its first appearance in 1997, are presented in this paper. This electric motor has an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) fitted with Rare Earth (RE) magnets, which presents clear advantages over the more widely used Induction Motors (IM). The principal advantage is its high power-density value that makes it a leader in the Electric Vehicles (EV) market. This technology, however, faces a problem, in so far as the global production of RE magnets is an exclusive monopoly of China, (motivating the United States and Japan, among others, to investigate alternative systems). In this paper, the proposal is to substitute the sintered magnet in current use by the bonded type of magnet. The use of bonded magnets permits curved geometric forms, reducing the use of dysprosium, one of the most controversial elements of sintered magnets. These materials are compared using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in the design of various rotor models including the proposal of a model with bonded magnetic materials, with the advantages of curved magnets and a dual layer arrangement. The proposed rotor model yielded a considerably higher power density than the model developed by Toyota.

Tras el desarrollo de los imanes Nd-Fe-B o “Neo”, éstos son ahora componentes esenciales en muchos campos de la tecnología debido a su capacidad para proporcionar un fuerte flujo magnético. Existen dos técnicas bien establecidas para la fabricación de imanes de tierras raras: a) el uso de la metalurgia de polvo para obtener cuerpos magnéticos de alto rendimiento, anisotrópicos, totalmente densos; y b) el proceso de hilado por fusión o HDDR (hidrogenación, decrepitación, desorción y recombinación) se usa ampliamente para producir polvos magnéticos para imanes aglomerados. En la industria de los imanes de Nd-Fe-B sinterizados, la producción total ha aumentado y su aplicación dominante es principalmente motores y en particular, su uso para automóviles híbridos es una de las aplicaciones más atractivas. También se han utilizado imanes aglomerados para motores pequeños, los estudios de nanocompuestos y de imanes Sm-Fe-N se han generalizado. Este artículo revisa el estado actual y las tendencias futuras en la investigación de imanes permanentes.

SUMMARY The planning of the transmission network is an issue that, over the years, has received much attention, particularly due to the impact that this infrastructure has on the safe and reliable functioning of electrical systems. The search for solutions addressing climate change has led to several changes in the functioning of electrical systems, particularly concerning the increasing integration of renewable electricity production. However, in recent years, changes in the load side of the electrical system have also emerged. In particular, electric mobility has been developing, and a high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected in near future. This consumption is supplied by the distribution system but will impact the transmission network. Naturally, the amount of energy used by EVs is subject to uncertainties, which makes the problem complex. Those uncertainties cannot be easily modeled using statistical distributions because of the reduced history of available information. The transmission system operator (TSO) needs an efficient tool to analyze the adequacy of the transmission network to supply the distribution networks with high penetration of EVs. In this paper, a methodology based on symmetric/constrained fuzzy power flow is proposed to find the optimal investment policy at the transmission level while satisfying the technical constraints. The concept of dual variables provided by Lagrange multipliers, the natural result of the nonlinear optimization problem, is used to obtain the most promising reinforcement options considering the actual structure of the transmission network. The proposed model is tested on an IEEE 14‐bus system.

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