Summary In this study, the main process involves the conversion of palm oil into hydro‐processed renewable diesel (HRD) over a nonsulfide catalyst. First, catalysts with different supports (γ‐Al2O3 and SAPO‐11) and metals (Ni and Mo) are compared in experiments. The results showed that 8Ni‐8Mo/γAl2O3 is the most suitable catalyst for HRD production, with the highest conversion and selectivity of 99.5% and 98.9%, respectively. The chemical kinetic reaction, conversion, and selectivity of the catalyst were analyzed through different temperatures, pressures, and H2‐to‐oil ratios to determine the optimal conditions. The regenerated catalyst through calcining showed well recovered structure and textural properties by using X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. Last but not least, the fuel components and properties of HRD were determined, include 46.8 MJ/kg of heating value, distillation temperature of 306°C, 5°C of cloud point, 81.4 of cetane number, 204°C of auto‐ignition temperature, 62°C of flash point, and 61.8 mm of smoke point, which meets the diesel specifications.

The role of single-metal-loaded on SAPO-11-based hydro-processing catalyst to produce renewable jet fuel was investigated in this work. First, three metals, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum, were selected to be loaded on SAPO-11 separately and their activities were tested over the model feedstock, n-hexadecane. Among the three catalysts, nickel SAPO-11 shows the highest conversion of 70%. Second, the performance of Ni/SAPO-11, synthesized with (Ni/SAPO-11(CA)), and without (Ni/SAPO-11) citric acid was investigated with the hydro-processed alkanes derived from palm oil for the production of hydro-processed renewable jet fuel (HRJ). Catalyst metal particle size, structure, textural properties, acidity, and reduction degree were detected through transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption/desorption, pyridine-adsorbed infrared spectroscopy (Py-IR), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The product compositions over the Ni/SAPO-11(CA) catalyst show higher selectivity toward the carbon chain length of jet fuel (C 8 -C 14 ) for 48% compared to the Ni/SAPO-11. Through the Taguchi method, the optimal operating conditions were found to be: temperature of 380 C, pressure of 52 bar, liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5 h À1 , and H 2 -to-feedstock ratio of 1250, which yielded in 73% conversion to HRJ with 6.1 isomer-to-normal (I-to-N) alkane ratio. The derived cetane number (DCN) and the flash point of HRJ were also obtained to be 56 and 56 C to confirm the compatibility of HRJ with conventional jet fuel.

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