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The rate of thermal decomposition of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) dissolved in xylene was investigated alone and in the presence of tin(IV) chloride over the temperature range of 90–107°C. It was found that the decomposition rate of AIBN increases linearly with increasing concentration of tin(IV) chloride, which suggests the formation of an activated complex between AIBN and tin(IV) chloride. A parallel reaction mechanism is proposed to describe the kinetic behavior. The Arrhenius relationships of rate constants were also obtained.

The electronic structures, deformation charge density, dipole moment, and optical properties of N—La-codoped anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) are studied using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The optical properties of two-ion-doped TiO2 are analyzed via electronic structures, deformation charge density, and dipole moment. For the model of N—La-doped TiO2, a smaller atom fraction of N and La atoms induces better optical properties. The absorption edges of two doped TiO2 models redshift to the visible-light region.

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