This work establishes that static contact angles for gallium-based liquid metals have no utility despite the continued and common use of such angles in the literature. In the presence of oxygen, these metals rapidly form a thin (∼1−3 nm) surface oxide "skin" that adheres to many surfaces and mechanically impedes its flow. This property is problematic for contact angle measurements, which presume the ability of liquids to flow freely to adopt shapes that minimize the interfacial energy. We show here that advancing angles for a metal are always high (>140°)even on substrates to which it adheresbecause the solid native oxide must rupture in tension to advance the contact line. The advancing angle for the metal depends subtly on the substrate surface chemistry but does not vary strongly with hydrophobicity of the substrate. During receding measurements, the metal droplet initially sags as the liquid withdraws from the "sac" formed by the skin and thus the contact area with the substrate initially increases despite its volumetric recession. The oxide pins at the perimeter of the deflated "sac" on all the surfaces are tested, except for certain rough surfaces. With additional withdrawal of the liquid metal, the pinned angle gets smaller until eventually the oxide "sac" collapses. Thus, static contact angles can be manipulated mechanically from 0°to >140°due to hysteresis and are therefore uninformative. We also provide recommendations and best practices for wetting experiments, which may find use in applications that use these alloys such as soft electronics, composites, and microfluidics.

A newly developed fluorine‐free method to render robust superhydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric is introduced with alkaline hydrolysis followed by thermal hydrophobic aging process, i.e., nonchemical finishing. The superhydrophobic PET fabric shows a static contact angle of 170.7° ± 2.4° and a shedding angle of 8.6° ± 0.7°. Breathability and color of the fabricated PET fabric are improved and not changed. The alkaline hydrolyzed and thermal hydrophobic aged PET fabric is easily bent and has increased smoothness, fullness, and softness. Additionally, it has good durability for tape test, abrasion test, pH test, and washing test under an extra aging process that gives rise to self‐healing. Self‐cleaning property of the superhydrophobic PET fabric is excellent. Therefore, the alkaline hydrolyzed and thermally hydrophobic aged superhydrophobic fabric has a potential for commercial applications in functional or biomedical textiles, goods and related industries, with improved human/environmental friendliness and efficiency of care.

The superhydrophobic silk fabric, having hierarchical nanostructures and hydrophobic film on the surface, repelled all kinds of liquid droplets: grape juice (purple), water droplet (dyed violet), coffee (brown) and milk (white), while the pristine silk fabric absorbed all.