The actual composition is known to be highly responsible for the physical and chemical properties of a fuel. To understand the foundational physical properties of an aviation kerosene substitute mixture for hypersonic aircraft, n-undecane, butylcyclohexane, and 1-pentanol were used to construct a ternary system. The values of density (ρ) and viscosity (η) for the ternary system and three corresponding binaries were measured at temperatures T = (293.15 to 333.15) K and pressure p = 0.1 MPa. The Redlich−Kister equation was used to fit the excess molar volumes (V m E ) and viscosity deviations (Δη) of the binary systems, while those of the ternary system were correlated with four semi-empirical formulas (Cibulka, Singh, Redlich−Kister, and Nagata−Tamura equations). The experimental results show that the V m E values of the three binary mixtures have a positive relationship with the mole fraction of nonpolar components, while Δη values have a negative relationship. The non-ideal behavior of mixtures is discussed from the perspective of molecular interactions and structural effects. This work provides data support and guidance for fuel compatibility research.

exo-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene can serve as both the propellant and coolant in hypersonic vehicles. However, its applications are restricted by the poor properties of ignition and combustion to some extent. Fuel additives such as appropriate alcohols have the ability to overcome these deficits. Research on thermophysical properties of the mixtures composed of exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and fuel additives can provide important information for the research of fuel additives. In this work, densities and viscosities of the ternary system of exotetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (1) + n-decane (2) + iso-butanol (3) and three corresponding binary systems have been measured over the whole composition range in the temperature range from 293.15 to 333.15 K with an interval of 5 K and at pressure p = 0.1 MPa. The values of excess molar volumes (V m E ) and viscosity deviations (Δη) of three binary systems and the ternary system were calculated and then fitted to the Redlich−Kister equation and four semiempirical equations, respectively. The variations of V m E and Δη were explained from the viewpoints of intermolecular forces and structural effects. Furthermore, the Jouyban−Acree model was used to correlate the values of densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of the studied mixtures with high accuracy.

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Blue ocean strategy provides a theoretical framework and a practical roadmap for companies to break away from the cutthroat competition in existing industries and create new market space of profitable growth. Whereas competitive strategy stresses the importance of choosing a distinctive position of either differentiation or cost leadership under structural constraint, blue ocean strategy aims at breaking the trade‐off between value and cost through cognitive reconstruction of market elements across industry boundaries. On the basis of a reconstructionist view of strategy, blue ocean strategy argues that industry structure can be changed endogenously by the strategic actions of micro‐level actors. This, in turn, requires the alignment of the value, profit, and people propositions of a strategy in support of pursuing both differentiation and low cost.