Accumulating evidence indicated that gut microbiota-targeted therapy is a promising strategy to treat Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used in CVD treatments for over 2,000 years which is believed to result from the modulation of gut microbiota, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. According to the theoretical system of TCM, we developed an innovative formula of TCM named "TongMai ZhuYu (TMZY)" on top of one classic Chinese herbal formula ["XueFu ZhuYu (XFZY)"], which can more effectively alleviate CVD in the clinical practice. Here, we first systematically assessed the pharmacological effects of TMZY, XFZY, and atorvastatin on atherosclerosis (AS) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. TMZY typically outperformed others in alleviating AS rats by characterization of pathological morphology, immunohistochemistry, inflammatory cytokines. Remarkably, combining this modified TCM formula (TMZY) with atorvastatin can further help the alleviation of AS in rats by suppressing immune and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, to test whether TMZY alleviated AS symptoms by altering gut microbial compositions (dysbiosis), we employed 16S amplicon sequencing to investigate gut microbiota changes in the AS mice induced by high choline diet (HCD) using both TMZY and XFZY under antibiotic-treated and untreated conditions. TCM formulas induced consistent and remarkable changes in the phenotypes and microbiota in the HCD mice. TMZY modulated more changes in the gut microbiota to improve diseased phenotypes than XFZY. Notably, the TMZY-intervention effect on CVD in mice attenuated after the suppression of gut microbial activity by antibiotics. Collectively, we demonstrated that TCM herbals could effectively modulate the gut microbiota as a mechanism for altering the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders in mice/rats.

:The constant development of urbanization results in a large number of urban problems. Therefore, many cities in developed countries have made management system reform of different level in order to adapt to the development of the situation. To study and draw lessons from their reform methods and patterns, which will no doubt bring benefit to the present China's urban management system innovation. This paper selects some management modes of three cities including Tokyo, Baltimore and Columbia, some conclusion is obtained from three aspects consisting of government performance management improvement, cost savings and social supervision based on analysis.

No abstract

Background: Therapeutic advances in breast cancer (BC) have led to an improved prognosis. However, significant differences in survival outcomes across diverse ethnicities exist. We aim to investigate the differences in demographics, tumor characteristics (cts) and survival outcomes among Hispanic patients (pts) as compared to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) pts. Methods: BC pts diagnosed between 1975-2016 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and demographic and clinical cts were analyzed. Cox regression models were used for univariate (UV) and multivariable (MV) analyses to evaluate the associations of race with disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) Results: A total of 806,704 (n=720,144 NHW, n=86,560 Hispanic) pts were analyzed. At the time of diagnosis, Hispanic pts were younger [median age 55 years (yrs) vs. 62 yrs], had a higher stage (III/IV=21.3% vs. 16.3%) and a higher grade (grade III/IV=43.3% vs. 35.3%) as compared to NHW pts (p<0.001). Hispanic pts were more likely to present with triple-negative BC (TNBC) (14.2% vs. 11.1%) and Her-2 receptor + BC (6.7% vs. 4.7%) than NHW pts (p<0.001). Hispanic pts were more likely to live in urban areas (95.6% vs. 87.9%) but had similar access to hospitals with oncology services/million population (4.1 vs 4.6) than NHW pts (p<0.001). Hispanic pts were more likely to be uninsured (4% vs.1.1%) with lower odds of undergoing BC surgery (92.8% vs. 95.4%) than NHW pts (p<0.001). On UV analysis, Hispanic pts had a slightly worse DSS [Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07)], but had a better OS (HR 0.84, 95% CI=0.83-0.85) as compared to NHW pts (p<0.0001). On MV analysis controlling for demographic, tumor acts, and disparities in health care access, no significant differences were noted in DSS (HR 0.98, 95% CI=0.96-0.99) and OS (HR 0.99, 95% CI=0.98-1.01) between both groups. However, in pts age<50 yrs, Hispanic pts had a worse DSS (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13, 1.20) and OS (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.13-1.19) than NHW pts. Additionally, worse DSS but not OS was noted in Hispanic pts with hormone receptor+/HER2- BC, pts who received chemotherapy and or surgery and married pts. Conclusions: Our study highlights that Hispanic BC pts appear to have a more aggressive tumor biology than NHW pts with younger age at onset, higher stage, and predominance of TNBC and Her 2+ BC. Although both ethnicities had similar access to health care services, lack of insurance might be a barrier for adequate health care utilization. Despite differences in disease biology, we observed similar survival rates in Hispanic and NHW pts. Interestingly, in pts age<50 yrs, Hispanic pts had a worse DSS and OS than NHW pts. Our findings suggest that racial disparities in outcomes could be related to differences in tumor biology, social status, treatment, and healthcare utilization patterns, especially in younger pts. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causes of racial disparities especially among the younger pt population and develop strategies to mitigate them. Citation Format: Medhavi Gupta, Rohit Gosain, Maithreyi Sarma, Stuthi Perimbeti, Attwood Kristopher, Wenyan Ji, Shipra Gandhi, Yara Abdou. Racial disparities in breast cancer characteristics and outcomes among Hispanic and White patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-221.