The 2-styrylthiophene-based donor-acceptor linear conjugated polymers with tunable cyano substituents are atom-economically obtained via direct C–H arylation for platinum-free photocatalytic hydrogen production, affording an HER up to 9.79 mmol h-1...

Conjugated polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen production have the advantages of an adjustable structure, strong response in the visible light region, adjustable energy levels, and easy functionalization. Using an atom- and step-economic direct C–H arylation method, dibromocyanostilbene was polymerized with thiophene, dithiophene, terthiophene, and fused thienothiophene and dithienothiophene, respectively, to produce donor–acceptor (D-A)-type linear conjugated polymers containing different thiophene derivatives with different conjugation lengths. Among them, the D-A polymer photocatalyst constructed from dithienothiophene could significantly broaden the spectral response, with a hydrogen evolution rate up to 12.15 mmol h−1 g−1. The results showed that the increase in the number of fused rings on thiophene building blocks was beneficial to the photocatalytic hydrogen production of cyanostyrylphene-based linear polymers. For the unfused dithiophene and terthiophene, the increase in the number of thiophene rings enabled more rotation freedom between the thiophene rings and reduced the intrinsic charge mobility, resulting in lower hydrogen production performance accordingly. This study provides a suitable process for the design of electron donors for D-A polymer photocatalysts.

In this paper, an atom- and step-economic direct C-H arylation polymerization (DArP) strategy was developed to access cyanostyrylthiophene (CST)-based donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers (CPs) used for photocatalytic hydrogen production (PHP) from water reduction. The new CST-based CPs CP1–CP5 with varied building blocks were systematically studied by X-ray single-crystal analysis, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis, photoluminescence, transient photocurrent response, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and a PHP test, which showed that the phenyl-cyanostyrylthiophene-based CP3 exhibits a superior hydrogen evolution rate (7.60 mmol h−1 g−1) compared to other conjugated polymers. The structure–property–performance correlation results obtained in this study will provide an important guideline for the rational design of high-performance D–A CPs for PHP applications.

The present study investigated the effects of the Chinese Herb component, phellopterin on high K 1 and glutamate-induced extracellular calcium influx and caffeine or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-induced calcium release from internal stores in attached PC12 cells. ] i to 2,9387362 and 1,8167291, respectively. Phellopterin (0.1-100 mmol/L) inhibited caffeine and CPA stimulated intracellular calcium release in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, phellopterin, a novel component isolated from Changii radix, inhibited Ca 21 influx induced by stimulation of voltage-gated and receptor-dependent calcium channels with a greater inhibition of receptor-dependent calcium channels. It also inhibited Ca 21 release from caffeine-ryanodine and InsP 3 -sensitive internal stores, being more potent for caffeine stimulation. Phellopterin may be a promising candidate for the development of new classes of calcium antagonists. Drug Dev Res 68: 79-83, 2007.

We propose a scheme for the creation of stable optical Ferris wheel (OFW) solitons in a nonlocal Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium. Depending on a careful optimization of both the atomic density and the one-photon detuning, we obtain an appropriate nonlocal potential provided by the strong interatomic interaction in Rydberg states that can perfectly compensate for the diffraction of the probe OFW field. Numerical results show that the fidelity remains larger than 0.96, while the propagation distance has exceeded 160 diffraction lengths. Higher-order OFW solitons with arbitrary winding numbers are also discussed. Our study provides a straightforward route to generate spatial optical solitons in the nonlocal response region of cold Rydberg gases.