Lifetime requirements and coverage demands are emphasized in wireless sensor networks. An area coverage algorithm based on differential evolution is developed in this study to obtain a given coverage ratio e. The proposed algorithm maximizes the lifetime of wireless sensor networks to monitor the area of interest. To this end, we translate continuous area coverage into classical discrete point coverage, so that the optimization process can be realized by wireless sensor networks. Based on maintaining the e-coverage performance, area coverage algorithm based on differential evolution takes the minimal energy as optimization objective. In area coverage algorithm based on differential evolution, binary differential evolution is redeveloped to search for an improved node subset and thus meet the coverage demand. Taking into account that the results of binary differential evolution are depended on the initial value, the resulting individual is not an absolutely perfect node subset. A compensation strategy is provided to avoid unbalanced energy consumption for the obtained node subset by introducing the positive and negative utility ratios. Under the helps of those ratios and compensation strategy, the resulting node subset can be added additional nodes to remedy insufficient coverage, and redundancy active nodes can be pushed into sleep state. Furthermore, balance and residual energy are considered in area coverage algorithm based on differential evolution, which can expand the scope of population exploration and accelerate convergence. Experimental results show that area coverage algorithm based on differential evolution possesses high energy and computation efficiencies and provides 90% network coverage.

BackgroundBiological agents have been used with extreme caution in children because of their possible adverse effects.ObjectivesThis study used high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide high-level evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of biological agents for treating children with psoriasis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases through October 31, 2021. We included trials reporting at least one adverse event after treatment with biological agents of patients less than 18-year-old diagnosed with psoriasis. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software were used for meta and Bayesian analyses.ResultsSix trials with 864 participants were included in the analysis. The results showed a 2.37-fold higher response rate in all biologics groups than in the control group for psoriasis area and severity index 75 (PASI75) (RR= 2.37, P-value < 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.22, 4.62]). Compared with placebo, the PASI75 response rates of etanercept (RR= 2.82, 95% [CI] [1.10, 7.21]), ustekinumab low dose (RR= 7.45, 95%[CI] [1.25, 44.58]), and ustekinumab high dose (RR= 7.25, 95%[CI] [1.21, 43.41]) were superior. Additionally, the incidence of total adverse reactions was 1.05 times higher for biologics than for controls, indicating a good safety profile (RR= 1.05, P-value = 0.53, 95%[CI] [0.92, 1.19]). Overall, these six high-quality randomized controlled trials suggest that biologics are effective and safe for pediatric patients with psoriasis.LimitationsInclusion of few relevant, high-quality RCTs.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that biologics can be used to treat children with moderate-to-severe psoriasis without the risk of adverse effects. Ustekinumab showed the best efficacy and the fewest adverse effects.

This study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and the metabolism of ticagrelor in human CYP3A4 and liver microsomes. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group), group B (50mg/kg resveratrol), and group C (150mg/kg resveratrol ). After 30 minutes administration of resveratrol, a single dose of ticagrelor (18mg/kg) was administered orally. The vitro experiment was performed to examine the influence of resveratrol on ticagrelor metabolism in CYP3A4*1, human, and rat liver microsomes. Serial biological samples were assayed by validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. In vivo study, the AUC and Cmax of ticagrelor in group B and C appeared to be significantly higher than the control group, while Vz/F and CLz/F of ticagrelor in group B and C were significantly decreased. In vitro study, resveratrol exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4*1, human and rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 56.75μM，69.07μM and 14.22μM, respectively. Our results indicated that resveratrol had a inhibitory effect on the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro and vivo. It should be paid more attention to the clinical combination of resveratrol with ticagrelor and ticagrelor plasma concentration should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction.

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