Internet finance is a financial mode combining traditional financial industry with Internet technologies, which has become a crucial part of the financial field. Due to the rapid change of information technologies and public financial needs, Internet finance has produced quite a few specific operation modes, which have interested many scholars. To better appreciate its development process and innovation modes, we used bibliometrics to analyze 2,877 articles on Internet finance in Web of Science. Through the co-word network, co-citation network and various results generated by CiteSpace, we recognized six main modes of Internet finance, that is, Internet bank, peer to peer lending (P2P lending), crowdfunding, big data finance, digital currency and fintech. Emerging research topics and the development history of each mode are also detected. We find that the mainstream modes in current research are P2P lending and crowdfunding and the research on fintech and digital currency has just begun. Through the review, we also suggest some research directions for the research direction of each mode. These results will help to deepen relevant scholars’ understanding of Internet finance and provide guidance for them to choose research directions.

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Fertigation technology is key to solve water pollution and inefficient fertilizer use. However, some early techniques cannot adapt to the current situation of labor shortages and large-scale planting. Therefore, it is necessary to consider farmers’ willingness to adopt more adaptive techniques. Specifically, we focus on whether early technology adoption will hinder technology renewal and whether the factors affecting the adoption of early and latest techniques are consistent. Through theoretical analysis and a survey, we find that farmers’ endowments such as income and labor force only affect the adoption intentions to the high-cost technique (Intelligent Irrigation Control System), but not early techniques (Venturi injector and Differential pressure tank), while farmers’ information processing ability and information acquisition channels affect both. Finally, the results of Propensity Score Matching show that early technology adoption will not become an obstacle to technology renewal.

This paper selects the daily data of the exchange rates of Chinese Yuan (CNY) over the currencies of 14 countries along the Belt and Road, Shanghai composite index and Shenzhen composite index to study the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative on the linkages between exchange rates and Chinese stock index based on the flow-oriented model and the stock-oriented model. To reflect the fluctuations in daily data and reduce the central bank's interference with the exchange rate, two fuzzy techniques are used to process data, that is, the centroid based measure and the integral based measure. Then we judge the relationship between exchange rate and stock index through the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Granger causality test. Besides, we further compare the results and their differences by the classic crisp method and our two fuzzy techniques, which enable us to judge their correlation more accurately, and provide a reference for a wider application of the proposed fuzzy methods. We find that there is a correlation between exchange rate and stock index under certain conditions, and the Belt and Road initiative strengthens the relationship between the Chinese foreign exchange market and the stock market, more importantly, the fuzzy techniques are effective to judge this relation. INDEX TERMSStock price index, exchange rate, fuzzy techniques, the Belt and Road initiative.