Electrocatalytic water splitting is a sustainable way to produce
hydrogen energy, but the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode
has sluggish kinetics and low energy conversion efficiency, which
is the major bottleneck for large-scale hydrogen production. The design
and synthesis of robust and low-cost OER catalysts are crucial for
the OER. NiCo-based electrocatalysts have suitable atomic and electronic
structures, and show high activity and stability during the OER process.
Recently, significant progress has been made in regulating the structure
and composition of NiCo-based catalysts and understanding the nature
of catalysis, especially the OER mechanism, catalytic active sites,
and structure–activity relationship. In this work, we summarized
and discussed the latest development of NiCo-based electrocatalysts
in the OER, with particular emphasis on catalyst design and synthesis,
strategies for boosting OER performance, and understanding the nature
of catalysis from experimental and theoretical perspectives. The OER
mechanism, some activity descriptors, and atomic and electronic structure–activity
relationships based on NiCo-based electrocatalysts are unveiled. Finally,
some challenges and futuristic outlooks for improving the performance
of NiCo-based electrocatalysts are proposed, and we hope this review
can provide guidance for the design of more efficient NiCo-based electrocatalysts.
Energetic materials (explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics) are used extensively for both civilian and military applications and the development of such materials, particularly in the case of energetic salts, is subject to continuous research efforts all over the world. This Review concerns recent advances in the syntheses, properties, and potential applications of ionic salts based on tetrazole N-oxide. Most of these salts exhibit excellent characteristics and can be classified as a new family of highly energetic materials with increased density and performance, alongside decreased mechanical sensitivity. Additionally, novel tetrazole N-oxide salts are proposed based on a diverse array of functional groups and ions pairs, which may be promising candidates for new energetic materials.
In order to decrease the acidity of the highly explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), we cocrystallized NTO with a nitrogen-rich weak base compound 5, 6,7,8-tetrahydrotetrazolo[1,5-b] [1,2,4]-triazine (TZTN) in a molar ratio 1 : 1 to form a novel cocrystal explosive. Structure determination showed that the cocrystal is formed by strong intermolecular hydrogen bond interaction. Optical microscopy demonstrated that the crystal morphology of the cocrystal was significantly improved in contrast to the crystal of NTO and TZTN. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the cocrystal exhibited the enhancement of thermal stability and became less sensitive to impact, compared with the TZTN. Moreover, the results suggested that the NTO/TZTN cocrystal not only has unique performance itself, but also effectively alters the properties of NTO and TZTN.crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see
This paper deals with the problem of locating a rigid object and estimating its motion in three dimensions. This involves determining the position and orientation of the object at each instant when an image is captured by a camera, and recovering the motion of the object between consecutive frames.In the implementation scheme used here, a sequence of camera images, digitized at the sample instants, is used as the initial input data. Measurements are made of the locations of certain features (e.g., maximum curvature points of an image contour, corners, edges, etc.) on the 2-D images. To measure the feature locations a matching algorithm is used, which produces correspondences between the features in the image and the object.Using the measured feature locations on the image, an algorithm is developed to solve the location and motion problem. The algorithm is an extended Kalman filter modeled for this application.
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