A finite-element (FE) simulation process integrating three dimensional (3D) with twodimensional (2D) models is introduced to investigate the residual stress of a thick plate with 50-mm thickness welded by an electron beam. A combined heat source is developed by superimposing a conical volume heat source and a uniform surface heat source to simulate the temperature field of the 2D model with a fine mesh, and then the optimal heat source parameters are employed by the elongated heat source for the 3D simulation without trial simulations. The welding residual stress also is investigated with emphasis on the through-thickness stress for the thick plate. Results show that the agreement between simulation and experiment is good with a reasonable degree of accuracy in respect to the residual stress on the top surface and the weld profile. The through-thickness residual stress of the thick plate induced by electron beam welding is distinctly different from that of the arc welding presented in the references.

Gas shield Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is an important process method in material processing. Welding quality is vital for the product quality. It is an important way to improve the quality of product by raising the personal capability and handling technique of the welder. In this investigation, because of the deficiency in classic welding training scheme, some new technology were introduced into classic welding training field to improve the efficiency of welding training and reduce training cost. A computer simulation system that can be used to train primary welders was developed combined with three-dimensional stereoscopic vision and API interface of OpenGL, virtual reality is the kernel technology. In this system, welders were trained not in the real operating environment but in the virtual environment where has experience personally effect that simulated by computer. There is unnecessary with welding material and welding energy in virtual environment simulated by computer. It has highly automatic and intelligent and lower required to welding teachers. It is healthy to welder because that intensive arc and harmful dust are disappeared in virtual environment. It is a lower cost and high efficiency method by use of virtual training system to training new welder.

More and more pre-stressed concrete box-girder bridges with corrugated steel web are being realized in the world due to their advantages over the traditional concrete box girder bridges. Characteristics of corrugated steel web technology were introduced briefly in this paper, and its application in Juancheng Yellow River Bridge was also presented. Calculations on the shear buckling strength of corrugated steel web for Juancheng Yellow River Bridge were performed by the use of design code of Japan. Based on the analysis results, a reasonable way to determine the sizes of corrugated steel web is proposed, and it will provide help for designers when performing a design of pre-stressed box girder with corrugated steel web in China.

The crush behavior of aluminum hexagonal honeycomb with perforated cell walls under out-of-plane quasi-static loadings was experimentally investigated. The honeycomb specimens with different heights were compressed in axial direction under displacement control. There are four sequential deformation stages during compression: linear elasticity, buckling, crushing and densification state. The performances of hexagonal honeycombs with perforated cell walls were compared with those of imperforated hexagonal honeycombs with the same sizes. The results show that the perforated holes weaken the strength of honeycombs markedly and the strength of honeycomb decreases with the specimen height.

The effects of the welding mechanical heterogeneity on the damage evolution of notched round-bar tensile specimens were investigated numerically using a fully coupled elastic-plastic damage finite element method. Some parameters reflecting the welding mechanical heterogeneity such as strength mismatching, rupture strain and weld metal width were taken into account to study their effects on the damage evolution of the weld metal. The calculation results show that the damage evolution of the weld metal is affected strongly by the welding mechanical heterogeneity. The damage evolution of the weld metal becomes larger with the decrease of both the rupture strain and yielding stress of the base metal. The effects of the mechanical properties of the base metal on the damage evolution of the weld metal decreases with the increase of the weld metal width.