Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (FCB) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, mainly used for relieving cough and resolving phlegm. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020), the medicine comes from dried bulbs of five species and one variety in Fritillaria. Due to climate change and human disturbance, the wild resources have become critically endangered in recent years. Following three climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) under 2050s and 2070s, geographic information technology (GIS) and maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) were used to simulate the ecological suitability of FCB, a third-grade rare and endangered medicinal plant species. The results showed that the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of were altitude, human activity intensity, and mean temperature of coldest quarter. Under current climate situation, the highly suitable areas were mainly located in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including Western Sichuan, southeastern Tibet, southern Gansu, Northwestern Yunnan and Eastern Qinghai, with a total area of 31.47×104 km2, the area within the nature reserve was 7.13×104 km2, indicating that there was a large protection gap. Under the future climate change scenarios, the areas of the highly and poorly suitable areas of FCB showed a decreasing trend, while the areas of the moderately and total suitable areas showed a increasing trend. The geometric center of the total suitable area of the medicine will move to the northwest. The results could provide a strategic guidance for protection,development and utilization of FCB though its prediction of potential distribution based on the key variables of climate change.
Four Chinese species of the genus Didrepanephorus Wood-Mason, 1878 with dense setae on dorsal surface are illustrated, including D. heterocolor Qiu, Zhao & Xu, new species from Guizhou. Didrepanephorus mucronatus Arrow, 1921 and D. subvittatus Benderitter, 1922 are newly recorded from China in Yunnan and Guangxi respectively. Detailed descriptions, intraspecific variations, and natural history are provided for the aforementioned species. Previously unknown female of D. nishiyamai Muramoto, 2006 is documented for the first time.
The Asian genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Cremastocheilini) is redescribed and divided into four species groups based on adult external characters. The definition of species groups and an identification key to these species groups are provided. The C. discipennis species group is revised, and two species are recognized: C. discipennis Fairmaire, 1889 and C. trimaculata Ma, 1993. Callynomes rufiventris Fairmaire, 1904, Callynomes rufithorax Moser, 1901, Callynomes cruciatus Moser, 1901, Callynomes vitalisi (Bourgoin, 1924), and Clinterocera rubra Ma, 1992 are placed as junior synonyms of Clinterocera discipennis. The male of Clinterocera trimaculata is described for the first time and newly recorded from Vietnam. Diagnoses and illustrations of Clinterocera discipennis and Clinterocera trimaculata are provided, with comments on the intraspecific variations. New distribution records of the two species are presented on a map. Brief natural history notes and host ant Liometopum sinense Wheeler, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) record of Clinterocera trimaculata are also given.
The genus Cymophorus Kirby, 1827 in Asia is represented by the single species C. pulchellus Arrow, 1910. This rare species is traditionally divided into two subspecies, the nominate subspecies from India and C. pulchellus tonkinensis Schein, 1954 from Indochina. While recently, the latter was informally treated as a synonym of C. pulchellus. By examining type material and additional specimens, the differences in the external features between the individuals from the two regions are reconsidered, and the two taxa are probably not identical. Precise localities of C. pulchellus tonkinensis in China are given, and geographic distribution of both subspecies is summarized in a map.
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