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Many functional materials have been used in oil and gas industries. Special materials were needed for to withstand the high temperature and pressure harsh environment of oil and gas reservoir. Nanotechnologies have the potential to introduce revolutionary changes of materials used in the areas of the oil and gas industries. This paper gives an overview of the nanotechnology application for enhanced oil recovery, fracturing fluids, flow assurance, drilling, completion and specialty composite in the oil and gas industry in the last few years. Applications of nano-materials, in the form of solid composites and functional nanoparticle-fluid in these areas are reviewed. The future challenges of nanotech-based solutions for the petroleum industry are also discussed.

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Binary phase diagrams of water and a linear ethylene oxide-dimethylsiloxane PEO-PDMS-PEO triblock copolymer (DPn of PEO = 19; DPn of PDMS = 16) and of a corresponding photo-cross-linkable PEO-PDMS-PEO triblock copolymer (DPn of PEO = 16; DPn of PDMS = 16) with cinnamate side groups located at the positions where the blocks had been joined are reported. Both systems form liquid-crystalline phases which were investigated by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Distinct changes in the lyotropic mesophase behavior of the amphiphilic triblock copolymer are observed when cinnamoyl moieties are introduced at the linkages between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic parts of the triblock copolymer. The mesophases are destabilized with respect to temperature and concentration.

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