Objective. This study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion on irritable bowel syndrome complicated with diarrhea (IBS-D) in adults and providing guidance for clinical treatment. Methods. PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, and VIP and Wanfang databases were searched to obtain clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS-D published from establishment of the database to August 5, 2021. Relevant data were extracted to assess the risk of bias in the included studies, and statistical software Stata 16.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results. Twenty-one studies were eventually included in the network meta-analysis (NMA), including 1626 patients with IBS-D and 8 therapeutic measures. NMA showed that acupuncture [ OR = 0.35 , 95 % CI   0.25 , 0.49 , P < 0.05 ], warming needle moxibustion [ OR = 6.34 , 95 % CI   2.83 , 14.21 , P < 0.05 ], acupuncture+sandwiched moxibustion [ OR = 12.83 , 95 % CI   4.49 , 36.64 , P < 0.05 ], acupuncture+heat-sensitive moxibustion [ OR = 9.86 , 95 % CI   1.77 , 55.00 , P < 0.05 ] were more effective than pinaverium bromide in the treatment of IBS-D. Cumulative ranking probability (SUCRA) showed that the comprehensive efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion (86.8%) and quality of life (QOL) (70.4%) was the best, while the comprehensive efficacy of pinaverium bromide (2.1%) and QOL (16.3%) was the worst. GV20, GV29, ST 25, ST37, ST36, SP6, LR3, and CV12 were used frequently. Conclusion. Acupuncture+sandwiched moxibustion has the best effect on improving the efficacy and QOL of IBS-D patients. Limited by the number and quality of studies, we still need a large sample, multicenter, and high-quality clinical trials to confirm our findings.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease whose etiology is not yet fully understood, and their course is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. In quite a few cases, actual disease remission may also accompany with inflammatory bowel disease (IBS)-like symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea, may greatly impact quality of life. An army of strong evidence to support the FODMAPs diet (LFD) compounds as an effective dietary approach to IBS treatment. However, there is no significant evidence showing the effectiveness of LFD in treating quiescent IBD and its side effects; this lack of evidence is also an important factor hindering its promotion in the treatment of IBD and its complications. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the efficacy and safety of LFD in the treatment of quiescent IBD patients with IBS-like symptoms.Method: We searched the following databases from their establishment until December 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases. No restrictions regarding publication date or language were applied. Keywords such as "Crohn's disease," "ulcerative colitis," "inflammatory bowel disease," and "FODMAPs" have been combined for search. Ongoing and unpublished research in the Clinical Trials Registry Research will also be included. At the same time, we will manually search all reference lists from relevant systematic reviews for other eligible studies. The selected studies were randomized controlled clinical trials. We will meta-analyze the selected literature by Review Manager software (REVMAN v5.4 Cochrane Collaboration). Two researchers will independently review the research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments. Finally, we will observe the outcome measures.Results: This study will provide evidence-based data for TFD treatment of IBD and provide new treatment options for future clinical applications.Ethics and dissemination: The protocol of the systematic review does not require ethical approval because it does not involve humans. This article will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.

Background. Mixed hemorrhoids are a common anorectal disorder, surgery is the most effective means of eradicating hemorrhoids, and pain is the most common postoperative complication of mixed hemorrhoids. Objective. To compare the clinical efficacy of auricular plaster, acupoint application, and acupoint catgut embedding for treating postoperative pain in mixed hemorrhoids. Method. PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of three acupuncture-related therapies for postoperative pain in mixed hemorrhoids from the time of database creation to October 2021. After screening the literature, extracting information, and evaluating the risk of bias of included studies, statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0. Result. Forty-seven RCTs with a total of 5121 patients were included. Network meta-analysis (NMA) showed that auricular plaster ( OR = 5.90 , 95% CI = 2.02 , 17.21 ) and acupoint catgut embedding therapy ( OR = 5.55 , 95% CI = 1.01 , 30.40 ) were more effective than analgesics in the treatment of postoperative pain in mixed hemorrhoids. The cumulative ranking probability (SUCRA) showed that acupoint application (73.6%) had the best overall efficacy and the rest were auricular plaster (68.7%), acupoint catgut embedding therapy (64.6%), auricular plaster combined with acupoint application (63.4%), and pain medication (8.9%) in that order. Secondly, auricular plaster ( OR = − 0.93 , 95% CI = − 1.66 , − 0.20 ), acupoint catgut embedding ( OR = − 0.8 , 95% CI = − 1.50 , − 0.10 ), and acupoint application ( OR = − 1.4 , 95% CI = − 2.50 , − 0.31 ) all led to a significant decrease in pain scores and were all more effective than analgesics. As ranked by SUCRA, the results showed that the efficacy of acupoint application (73.5%) was optimal and the rest were auricular plaster (56.1%), acupoint catgut embedding (50.2%), and pain medication (15.3%) in that order. In terms of pain degree, acupoint application ( OR = 3.83 , 95% CI = 1.25 , 11.74 ) was significantly better than pain medication. Conclusion. Acupoint application can improve the overall efficiency, reduce pain scores, and relieve the degree of postoperative pain in mixed hemorrhoids.