This paper describes a microfluidic-based telemedicine system for insulin detection and conveying the results digitally to physicians located off-site through the Internet. The communication infrastructure is designed to transfer the digital information from the assay site to established healthcare facilities where trained medical professionals can directly assist the detection process and provide diagnosis. The insulin detection device of the telemedicine system is an integrated polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device consisting of two pneumatic micropumps and one micromixer. The insulin detection protocol is based on microbeads-based double-antibody sandwich immunoassay coupled with luminal-hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) chemiluminescence. A photometer detects the peak value of the luminous intensity, which indicates the insulin concentration of the patient plasma sample tested. The calibration curves of the insulin detection protocol have been quantified. The insulin detection limit of the microfluidic system is 4310 210 mol/l, which meets the common requirement of the current clinical studies of diabetes. Multiple immune indicators of diabetes can potentially be detected synchronously by the microfluidic system, thus providing physicians with integrative results necessary for accurate diagnosis via the Internet. The combination of microfluidic devices and telemedicine strategy offers new opportunities for diabetes care and screening, especially in rural areas where patients must travel long distances to physicians for healthcare information that might be obtained more cost effectively by local, less-trained personnel.

Abstract-Internet random time delay constitutes a major challenge for Internet-based teleoperation systems. Since the uncertain time delay may degrade the system performance, and even lead to instability. Although large-scale research works have been conducted on the understanding, testing, and analysis of Internet round trip time delay (RTT), it is not appropriate to use RTT in control methods design. It is well known that control commands arrive at the slave site in an aperiodic manner as a result of Internet random time delay. The subsequent control command will terminate the execution of the current command. Consequently, we will get precise information for slave system once the time delay jitter can be known in advance. This paper proposes a novel research idea for Internet-based teleoperation system from the point of view of delay jitter prediction. Statistical properties of the time delay jitter are investigated. Furthermore, the sparse multivariate linear regression method is used to give prediction on Internet time delay jitter. Simulation results demonstrate that sparse multivariate linear regressive method gives a precise prediction, which indicates that the proposed control method based on Internet time delay jitter has a broad prospect in teleoperation systems.

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