Growing environmental awareness and depleting fossil resources pose an emerging quest for lightweight materials with outstanding mechanical properties and economic production from sustainable resources that are biodegradable, carbon neutral, and safe. Super-strong yet lightweight anisotropic nanocellulose films are demonstrated by a cellulose DP protection strategy, exhibiting a tensile strength up to 1.13GPa. The high strength and low density of the nanocellulose films renders the highest specific strength of 820 MPa cm 3 g À1 among any known natural polymers and some strong metals.

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