Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), as one of the potential candidates for grid‐scale energy storage systems, are required to tackle extreme weather conditions. However, the all‐weather SIBs with a wide operation‐temperature range are rarely reported. Herein, we propose a wide‐temperature range SIB, which involves a carbon‐coated Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP@C) cathode, a bismuth (Bi) anode, and a diglyme‐based electrolyte. We demonstrate that solvated Na+ can be directly stored by the Bi anode via an alloying reaction without the de‐solvent process. Furthermore, the NFPP@C cathode exhibits a high Na+ diffusion coefficient at low temperature. As a result, the Bi//NFPP@C battery exhibits perfect low‐temperature behavior. Even at −70 °C, this battery still delivers 70.19 % of the room‐temperature capacity. Furthermore, benefitting from the high boiling point of the electrolyte, this battery also works well at a high temperature of up to 100 °C. These results are encouraging for the further exploration of wide‐temperature range SIBs.

Summary Aims Hypoxia may damage blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The neuroprotective effect of propofol has been reported. We aimed to identify whether and how propofol improved hypoxia‐induced impairment of BBB integrity. Methods Mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs) and astrocytes were cocultured to establish in vitro BBB model. The effects of hypoxia and propofol on BBB integrity were examined. Further, zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) expression and phosphorylation, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, intracellular calcium concentration and Ca 2+ /calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) activation were measured. Results Hypoxia‐impaired BBB integrity, which was protected by propofol. Hypoxia‐reduced ZO‐1 expression, while induced ZO‐1 phosphorylation. These effects were attenuated by propofol. The expression of HIF‐1α and VEGF was increased by hypoxia and was alleviated by propofol. The hypoxia‐mediated suppression of ZO‐1 and impaired BBB integrity was reversed by HIF‐α inhibitor and VEGF inhibitor. In addition, hypoxia increased the intracellular calcium concentration and induced the phosphorylation of CAMKII, which were mitigated by propofol. The hypoxia‐induced phosphorylation of ZO‐1 and impaired BBB integrity was ameliorated by calcium chelator and CAMKII inhibitor. Conclusion Propofol could protect against hypoxia‐mediated impairment of BBB integrity. The underlying mechanisms may involve the expression and phosphorylation of ZO‐1.

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Many Drosophila species differ widely in their distributions and climate niches, making them excellent subjects for evolutionary genomic studies. Here, we have developed a database of high‐quality assemblies for 46 Drosophila species and one closely related Zaprionus. Fifteen of the genomes were newly sequenced, and 20 were improved with additional sequencing. New or improved annotations were generated for all 47 species, assisted by new transcriptomes for 19. Phylogenomic analyses of these data resolved several previously ambiguous relationships, especially in the melanogaster species group. However, it also revealed significant phylogenetic incongruence among genes, mainly in the form of incomplete lineage sorting in the subgenus Sophophora but also including asymmetric introgression in the subgenus Drosophila. Using the phylogeny as a framework and taking into account these incongruences, we then screened the data for genome‐wide signals of adaptation to different climatic niches. First, phylostratigraphy revealed relatively high rates of recent novel gene gain in three temperate pseudoobscura and five desert‐adapted cactophilic mulleri subgroup species. Second, we found differing ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in several hundred orthologues between climate generalists and specialists, with trends for significantly higher ratios for those in tropical and lower ratios for those in temperate‐continental specialists respectively than those in the climate generalists. Finally, resequencing natural populations of 13 species revealed tropics‐restricted species generally had smaller population sizes, lower genome diversity and more deleterious mutations than the more widespread species. We conclude that adaptation to different climates in the genus Drosophila has been associated with large‐scale and multifaceted genomic changes.