This paper presents an alternative semi-analytical model which is able to integrate PVT properties of gas with dynamic pressure domain during production process. A modified three-region radial composite model is developed to evaluate the gas condensate reservoir, taking account of different gas flow behaviors and pressure dependent properties, such as the compressibility factor. The governing equation of the pressure diffusion process is highly nonlinear due to the complex dependence of coefficients on pressure. The linearization of the non-linear partial differential equation describing the complicated gas flowing in a reservoir is handled by application of reasonable definitions of pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time for each region, which is integrated into the reservoir system through physical continuity of changing phases with PVT properties. Modified forms of total compressibility factor are proposed by valid theoretical developments.Results show that gas compositions of a gas condensate reservoir have significant effects on the fluid flow behaviors. Different proportions of 5 C , 6 C and 7 + C are simulated with constant makeup of 2 CO , 2 N and 1 4 C , showing that small changes in composition of heavier components make distinct differences in the flow behaviors, as reflected on the liquids dropout curves. In addition, total compressibility factor varies with fluid compositions instead of remaining constant in a gas condensate reservoir.
Natural and induced fractures play significant roles in the production of natural energy resources in deep reservoirs, such as conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and geothermal reservoirs. In many cases, fracture networks that consist of individual fractures distributed in the reservoir provide main flow paths for the industrial fluid production from the reservoir. For example, hydraulic fracturing is a highly efficient technique that is widely applied to generate induced fractures in shale gas reservoirs for shale gas production in recent years. In simulations of fluid flow through fractures under reservoir conditions, fracture surfaces are always assumed to be parallel plates for the purpose of easier descriptions and calculations. However, the roughness of fracture surfaces should be considered in order to provide representations of the flow and consequently optimize simulation results. Geothermal energy, a clean and renewable energy, has become an important part of total energy consumption all over the world. In order to extract more geothermal energy from geothermal reservoirs, Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) technologies have been developed. In the area of natural energy resource production, water and CO2 have been widely applied to enhance oil and gas recovery for the last three decades. Similarly, with consideration of reasonable costs, stable properties and environmental protection, water and CO2 have been used as working fluids for geothermal energy extraction. This study focuses on investigating behaviours of fluid flow through a single fracture with rough surfaces and mass and heat transfers for different working fluids based on parallel-plate and rough-walled discrete fracture network models. In this study, the research work covers four areas: 1) Rough fractures generated by the 3D printing technology are used to investigate water flow paths through fracture rough surfaces through laboratory experiments. Numerical models that strictly corresponds to fracture samples in laboratory experiments are developed based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. The results from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are compared to demonstrate water flow paths through a single rough fracture. 2) Based on the Lattice Boltzmann method, flow behaviours of liquid and supercritical CO2 through a single rough fracture are simulated by integrating highly pressure and temperature dependent CO2 properties. 3) The heat and mass transfers for water and CO2 as working fluids are investigated based on parallel-plate and rough-walled discrete fracture network models by the finite element method with the integration of coupled hydraulic-thermal-mechanical processes. The corresponding heat extraction efficiencies are evaluated. 4) The miscible flow with different CO2 and N2 proportions is proposed for heat extraction from geothermal reservoirs. The effects of different xi Financial support
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