Zirconia toughened alumina particles (ZTAp)/high chromium cast iron (HCCI) matrix honeycomb composites were successfully prepared by a non-pressure infiltration casting process. This paper systematically investigates the effect of pore size (6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm) on the compression resistance of honeycomb structure under the same wall thickness condition. Through the simulation software Ansys Workbench and compression performance test, it was found that the fracture location of the composite material occurred mainly at the interface location between the composite area and the matrix area during the compression process of the specimen, and the actual compression results were consistent with the simulation results. The compression performance tends to increase gradually with the increase of the honeycomb pore size, and the optimal compression resistance is reached when the pore size is 12 mm. This optimum performance is attributed to the fact that the reinforcement mechanism of the composite depends not only on the load sharing of the reinforcing particles, but also on the strength of the matrix.