Abstract-We consider scheduling and resource allocation for the downlink of a cellular OFDM system, with various practical considerations including integer carrier allocations, different subchannelization schemes, a maximum SNR constraint per tone, and "self-noise" due to channel estimation errors and phase noise. During each time-slot a subset of users must be scheduled for transmission, and the available tones and transmission power must be allocated among the selected users. Employing a gradient-based scheduling scheme presented in earlier papers reduces this to an optimization problem to be solved in each time-slot. Using dual decomposition techniques, we give an optimal algorithm for this problem when multiple users can time-share each carrier. We then give several low complexity heuristics that enforce an integer constraint on the carrier allocation. Simulations show that the algorithms presented all achieve similar performance under a wide range of scenarios, and that the performance gap between the optimal and suboptimal algorithms widens when per user SNR constraints or channel estimation errors are considered.

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Based on the support of RS and GIS technology, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and driving forces of land use in the Yanhe River Basin through the processing and interpretation of remote sensing images in different periods from 1980 to 2015 and the methods of the land use transfer matrix and dynamic attitude. The results show that cropland, grassland, and forest land are the three types of land use with the most obvious changes, while urban land and water body have relatively small changes in the Yanhe River Basin. The transfer between cropland, forest land, and grassland and urban land is very obvious, among which the conversion rate of cropland is the highest. During the 15 years from 2000 to 2015, the land use types of the Yanhe River Basin changed by 13.17%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.88%. The implementation of ecological restoration and governance policy is the direct driving force of land use change in the Yanhe River Basin. The results obtained in this study can provide reference basis for land use planning and management and land use structure optimization in the Yanhe River Basin in the future.

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Slurry balancing shield construction is a method in which slurry pressure and groundwater pressure are balanced to achieve stability of excavation working face. It is widely used in tunnel construction due to its safety and high-efficiency characteristics. At present, research on safety risk management of slurry balancing shield construction is relatively lacking, and most scholars still mainly focus on technical research. In this paper, based on system engineering theory and from the perspective of whole construction process, a comprehensive evaluation index system for shield construction risk analysis is built by taking “human-machine-material-method-environment” as assessment dimensions. This paper modifies the existing analytic hierarchy process (AHP), combines AHP with fuzzy synthetic evaluation to build a risk analysis model, and quantifies the construction risk by evaluation set and matrix. Combined with case study, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified, and measures to mitigate safety risks of slurry shield construction are proposed from perspectives of management, economy, and technology. This paper evaluates the overall risk level of project from a systematic perspective, which is an extension of traditional technology-oriented research.