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Genetic transformation has become a routine method for understanding the growth and development of crops and promoting sustainable agricultural production. The standard transformation methodology for tomato crops, as a model plant, has been extensively established. However, most studies have focused on tomato cultivars with typical genotypes, while less information is known about wild species that have the potential for crop improvement. This study aimed to construct an effective transformation system for the wild species Solanum pimpinellifoliumbased on a routine method.The results indicate that the addition of acetosyringone promotes shoot regeneration in the wild species S. pimpinellifolium. A reduced IAA content along with an appropriate Zeatin level plays a key role in improving regeneration efficiency. Using a lower bacterial solution (OD600 = 0.25) and a shorter infestation time (15 minutes) may also benefit the regeneration efficiency. Although the transformation of S. pimpinellifolium has shown genotype dependence, a medium named B2 in this study shows potential for broad applicability in the wild species S. pimpinellifolium. The findings from this study will contribute to the understanding of wild species and their potential role in tomato improvement.

Background: Seeds are the most basic production material in agricultural production and occupy an important position in the whole process of agricultural production. However, aging begins to occur after seed harvested, serious aging will affect the conservation of germplasm resources. Seed propagation is the most commonly used method in the production of A.mongolicumseeds, but with the prolongation of storage time, A.mongolicum seeds undergo different degrees of aging. Therefore, we used an integrated approach of Tandem Mass Tag(TMT) labeling in conjunction with liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to capture the differential protein expression profiles of A.mongolicumseeds under unaged (CK), lightly aged (T1), and severely aged (T4) treatments to provide evidence of protein expression levels for revealing the aging mechanism study of A.mongolicumseeds. Results: A total of 4336 proteins were identified in this study, of which 4318 total proteins could be quantified. There were 291 diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identifed after accelerated aging treatments. Compared with CK, 36 DEPs (16 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated) were found in T1; and 139 DEPs (64 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated) in T4. Compared with T1, 116 DEPs (51 up-regulated and 65 down-regulated) were found in T4. A number of candidate proteins associated with seed aging were screened, for example, ATP-dependent RNA helicase-like protein DB10(Unigene0060546)、β-D-glucan exohydolase(Unigene0008772)、Histone H1.2 partial(Unigene0049278)、defensin Ec-AMP-D2(Unigene0042879)、NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) FQR1(Unigene0047137)、glutathione S-transferase(Unigene0000863)、oleosin S1-2(Unigene0011542)、probable inactive purple acid phosphatase 2(Unigene0010352)、glutathione S-transferase U8-like(Unigene0006910)、glutathione S-transferase U17-like(Unigene0051938). Conclusions: This study was the first to determine the proteome of A.mongolicum seeds, these data provided references for further study of seed aging mechanism of A.mongolicum. The results showed that the related proteins were significantly enriched in glutathione metabolism and other pathways after accelerated aging. In addition, among the candidate proteins, PAP2 is down-regulated after aging, which was speculated to be the main reason for limiting radicle growth.

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indole-like hormone that plays a pivotal role in the growth, development, and stress response of plants. Thus, investigating the underlying mechanisms of action and growth regulators involved, is imperative to enhance crop salt tolerance. In this study, seedlings of melon (Cucumis melo L.) grown in hydroponic solution were treated with control (CK), melatonin (50 μM melatonin, MT), salt (60 mM NaCl, ST) and salt with melatonin (60 mM NaCl combined with 50 μM melatonin, MS). The growth potentials including fresh weight, plant height, leaf area and stem diameter, and photosynthesis-associated parameters, and chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation contents of melon seedlings were measured. Transcriptome analysis was performed and a library of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ST and MS treatments was screened. Both gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted for these DEGs. Finallly, qRT-PCR assay was performed for verification. The results showed that the growth potentials of melon seedlings treated with MS were significantly better than those of melatonin-free seedlings. Melatonin also moderately alleviated the NaCl-induced oxidative damage. KEGG enrichment analysis emphasized remarkably enriched pathways, which were strongly linked to photosynthesis, signal transduction and phytohormone synthesis. The functional genes in objective KEGG pathways were determined, including PsbY, AUX1, CYCD3, PYR/PRL and so on. The photosynthesis pathway (ko00195) was simultaneously significant in both comparison groups (18 and 3 genes, respectively). Furthermore, several families of transcription factors involved in reaction processes were mainly MYB, AP2-EREBP, and bHLH families. It could be hypothesized that melatonin application effectively improve photosynthetic efficiency and facilitate the endogenous hormone metabolic networks to stimulate the growth of seedlings exposed to high salinity.