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Novel thin and smooth deuterated cellulose films were synthesised to visualize adsorbed bio-macromolecules using contrast variation neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. Incorporation of varying degrees of deuteration into cellulose was achieved by growing Gluconacetobacter xylinus in deuterated glycerol as carbon source dissolved in growth media containing D2O. The derivative of deuterated cellulose was prepared by trimethylsilylation(TMS) in ionic liquid(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride). The TMS derivative was dissolved in toluene for thin film preparation by spin-coating. The resulting film was regenerated into deuterated cellulose by exposure to acidic vapour. A common enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was adsorbed from solution onto the deuterated cellulose films and visualized by NR. The scattering length density contrast of the deuterated cellulose enabled accurate visualization and quantification of the adsorbed HRP, which would have been impossible to achieve with non-deuterated cellulose. The procedure described enables preparing deuterated cellulose films that allows differentiation of cellulose and non-deuterated bio-macromolecules using NR.

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The long-term cycle performance of NCM811/Li batteries at high temperature was achieved by mixing LiDFOB and LiPF 6 salts into the ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) solution (EC/EMC = 3:7 by volume). The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests indicate 0.8 M LiPF 6 /0.2 M LiDFOB electrolyte system could improve thermal stability. The NCM811 cell with the mixed lithium salts electrolyte shows superior high temperature cycling performance, as demonstrated by the high capacity retention (89.00%) after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, which is much better than that of the 1.0 M LiPF 6 electrolyte (51.34%). Inductively coupled plasma (ICP), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopic analyses reveal that adding LiDFOB salt could suppress Ni/Co/Mn dissolution into the electrolyte, due to the LiDFOB salt can be decomposed to produce a protective CEI layer on NCM811 surface. These results show that mixed lithium salts (LiDFOB and LiPF 6 ) is an efficient solution to enhance the high temperature performance of nickel-rich based lithium-ion batteries.