No abstract

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) is among the most important crops in the world. High and stable grain yield in diverse environments is the major objective in durum breeding programs. This trait is linked to the quantitative trait loci (QTL). For the detection of QTL linked to the grain yield, it is necessary to construct a high-density genetic linkage map. The aims of this study were to detect the candidate genes comprised in the QTLs on 2A chromosome linked to grain yield and annotate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The linkage map of Lahn/Cham1 population was used to identify QTLs. In multienvironmental analysis and employing bioinformatic approaches, 583 sequences corresponding to the SNPs markers selected from the detected QTL regions were analyzed, 122 SNP sequences were annotated of which 53% of the candidate genes were involved in stresses tolerance, 29.5% in plant development and growth, and 3.3% in cell transport. Moreover, 1.6% of candidate genes were retrotransposon and transposon 2.4% with unknown function. Further 9.8% were related in other cellular processes. The results also showed that 66.7% of the candidate genes harbored on 4B chromosome, were involved in stresses tolerance and 33.3% in plant development and growth. Additionally, in the specific and stressed environments analysis, the DNA sequences of the four QTL detected on 2A chromosome were used for homology search, 546 candidate genes were identified of which some were present in several QTL (F-box gene family, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteinlike), retrotransposons and transposons and others. This study provided information on employing SNPs markers to detect candidate genes linked with grain yield trait in durum wheat in contrasting environments (dry, cold, hot).

Durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var durum) is tetraploid wheat (AABB); it is the main source of semolina and other pasta products. Grain yield in wheat is quantitatively inherited and influenced by the environment. The genetic map construction constitutes the essential step in identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to complex traits, such as grain yield. The study aimed to construct a genetic linkage map of two parents that are widely grown durum cultivars (Lahn and Cham1) in the Mediterranean basin, which is characterized by varying climate changes. The genetic linkage map of Lahn/Cham1 population consisted of 112 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and was used to determine QTLs linked to the grain yield in 11 contrasting environments (favorable, cold, dry, and hot). Simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used to construct an anchor map, which was later enriched with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The map was constructed with 247 SSRs and enriched with 1425 SNPs. The map covered 6122.22 cM. One hundred and twenty-six QTLs were detected on different chromosomes. Chromosomes 2A and 4B harbored the most significant grain yield QTLs. Furthermore, by comparison with several wheat mapping populations, all the A and B chromosomes of Lahn/Cham1 QTLs contributed to grain yield. The results showed that the detected QTLs can be used as a potential candidate for marker-assisted selection in durum breeding programs.