In this paper, three different kinds of steel fibers, being micro (M), end-hooked (H), and corrugated (C), commonly used in engineering applications, are added to high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HLAC) to study the effects of steel fiber and volume content ratio of fiber on the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength of HLAC. The range of steel fiber volume content fraction studied is 0.5% to 2.0%. The research shows that different types of steel fiber have different effects on the mechanical properties and toughness of HLAC. M steel fibers have the best reinforcing performance on the mechanical properties. The study also shows that the toughness of M steel fibers is the best with the same fiber content. The toughening effect of H and C steel fibers can only reach 2/3 and 1/2 of M steel fibers, respectively. At the end of this paper, the unified strength formula and toughness index of these three kinds of high-strength steel fiber lightweight aggregate concrete (HSLAC) with different fiber contents are given to provide a reference for engineering practice and design.