Children from lower socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds tend to be at-risk for executive function (EF) impairments by the time they are in preschool, placing them at an early disadvantage for academic success. The present study examined the potentially protective role of bilingual experience on the development of inhibitory control (IC) in 1146 Head Start preschoolers who were followed for an 18-month period during the transition to kindergarten as part of the longitudinal Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) 2009 study. Using three waves of data, we predicted individual variation in developmental trajectories of IC for three groups that differed in bilingual experience-English monolinguals, Spanish-English bilinguals, and a group of children who transitioned from being Spanish monolingual to Spanish-English bilinguals during the course of the study. Compared to their English monolingual peers, bilingual children from Spanish-speaking homes showed higher IC performance at Head Start entry, as well as steeper IC growth over time. Children who were Spanish monolingual at the beginning of Head Start showed the lowest IC performance at baseline. However, their rate of IC growth exceeded that of children who remained English monolingual and did not differ from that of their peers who entered Head Start being bilingual. These results suggest that acquiring bilingualism and continued bilingual experience are associated with more rapid IC development during the transition from preschool to kindergarten in children from lower SES backgrounds.

RESUMENLa insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada es la etapa final de múltiples enfermedades cardiovasculares y constituye en sí misma una de las patologías más prevalentes y con mayor morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. Se sabe que el tratamiento médico óptimo ha demostrado mejorar la sobrevida en términos de progresión de enfermedad y muerte súbita, así como el cardiodesfibrilador implantable y la terapia de resincronización cardíaca. A pesar de esto, un porcentaje no menor alcanza estadios avanzados en quienes el trasplante cardíaco puede ser una opción. Debido a las limitaciones actuales que esto implica, surgió el desarrollo de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (DAV). El propósito de esta monografía es revisar los aspectos clínicos y tecnológicos de los DAV. Se realizará un análisis de su evolución desde las primeras asistencias, se evaluarán indicaciones, el momento oportuno para su implante así como sus contraindicaciones. Posteriormente, se realizará una revisión de los aspectos a tener en cuenta por parte del médico tratante para la evaluación precolocación, considerando los scores de riesgo disponibles, los aspectos psicosociales y el costo/beneficio de su utilización, para así poder evaluar el impacto y la factibilidad de su aplicación en la práctica clínica diaria.Palabras clave: corazón auxiliar, insuficiencia cardíaca, trasplante de corazón. ABSTRACTAdvanced heart failure is the final stage of multiple cardiovascular diseases, constituting in itself one of the most prevalent pathologies and with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is known that optimal medical treatment has been shown to improve survival in terms of disease progression and sudden death, as well as the implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Despite this, a non-minor percentage reaches advanced stages in whom heart transplantation may be an option. Due to the current limitations that this implies, the development of ventricular assist devices (VAD) arose. The purpose of this monograph is to review the clinical and technological aspects of VADs. An analysis of their evolution will be carried out from the first devices, indications will be evaluated, the opportune time for its implantation, as well as its contraindications. Subsequently, a review will be made on the aspects to be taken into account by the attending physician for the pre-placement evaluation, taking into account the risk scores available, psychosocial aspects and their cost / benefit; in order to evaluate the impact and feasibility of its application in daily clinical practice.