Membranes could reform the field of molecular separations by enabling new low energy manufacturing technologies. This review article discusses the current state of the art and the potential in the 2D-enabled membrane separation processes by highlighting emerging and existing areas in which robust 2D materials significantly impact the energy-efficient separation process. Analysis of 2D-enabled membrane classes and prospective materials for 2D-enabled membranes are also discussed with emphasis on the surface chemistry of basal plane engineered 2D materials.

Microporous materials have the potential to enable new low energy separation processes due to their superb textural properties and structural diversity, yet these materials are facing practical challenges in large-scale applications. Opportunities for advancing microporous sorbents lie in a technology that can bridge the gap between high-performance materials and scalable separation devices. This perspective article discusses the current state of the art and the potential of the fiber sorbent-based separation processes by highlighting the structure–property–performance relationships, candidate porous materials, and application areas.

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