In this study, we explored the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum FZU3013-fermented Laminaria japonica (LPLJ) supplementation to prevent hyperlipidaemia in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The results indicate that LPLJ supplementation improved serum and hepatic biochemical indicators (p < 0.05), elevated short-chain fatty acid levels, reduced HFD-induced accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, modulated the relative abundance of some microbial phylotypes, and reduced hyperlipidaemia in HFD-fed rats by adjusting the aminoacyl-tRNA, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthetic pathways, as well as the phenylalanine, D-glutamine and D-glutamate, and glutathione metabolic pathways. Additionally, hepatic mRNA levels of the genes involved in lipid metabolism and bile acid homeostasis were significantly reduced by LPLJ intervention (p < 0.05). These results suggest that LPLJ has a positive effect on modulating lipid metabolism and has the potential to be a functional food that can help prevent hyperlipidaemia.

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