Madelung disease (MD) is a rare form of lipodystrophy, which refers to diffuse and symmetrical adipose tissue deposition in the superficial and deep subcutaneous fascial spaces, presenting as multiple painless masses throughout the body. The disease is most commonly seen in middle-aged men who have been drinking alcohol for a long time and has not been reported domestically. This article analyzed the clinical data with Madelung's disease, discussed its etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment methods, and provided help for clinical diagnosis and treatment.