This study aims to characterize the gut microbiota in depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared with healthy controls (HCs), to examine the effects of quetiapine treatment on the microbiota, and to explore the potential of microbiota as a biomarker for BD diagnosis and treatment outcome. Analysis of 16S‐ribosomal RNA gene sequences reveals that gut microbial composition and diversity are significantly different between BD patients and HCs. Phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the predominant bacterial communities in BD patients and HCs, respectively. Lower levels of butyrate‐producing bacteria are observed in untreated patients. Microbial composition changes following quetiapine treatment in BD patients. Notably, 30 microbial markers are identified on a random forest model and achieve an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 between untreated patients and HCs. Ten microbial markers are identified with the AUC of 0.93 between responder and nonresponder patients. This study characterizes the gut microbiota in BD and is the first to evaluate microbial changes following quetiapine monotherapy. Gut microbiota‐based biomarkers may be helpful in BD diagnosis and predicting treatment outcome, which need further validations.

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In the paper, we report for the first time that the conversion of renewable oils into diesellike hydrocarbon mixtures can be realized on molybdenum carbides with high activity and selectivity. The molybdenum carbide catalyst exhibited much better resistance to leaching than noble metals and could be reused consecutively for sixteen times without deactivation. Mechanism investigations indicated that molybdenum carbide and palladium showed different reaction selectivities and it was speculated that the level of difficulty in acyl-toalkyl rearrangement of surface acyl intermediates on molybdenum carbide and palladium resulted in the different product selectivity.Keywords: carbides; decarbonylation; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrocarbons; hydrogenation With the sustained high-speed development of the global economy, the demand for liquid fuels has grown rapidly. Conversely, diminishing fossil fuel reserves restrained this need to some extent. As an alternative protocol, the production of transportation fuels from renewable resources has been generating significant interest. Vegetable oils, an important sustainable biomass, exist widely in nature. However, vegetable oils are not suitable for direct combustion in the existing engines due to the high viscosity and must be upgraded. Based on the similarity in structures between vegetable oils and fossil diesel, production of renewable diesel-like hydrocarbons from vegetable oils has attracted more and more attention from governments and academic communities. [1][2][3][4][5] It has been found that noble metals such as Pd and Pt were effective catalysts for the transformation of model compounds (higher aliphatic acids and their esters) into alkanes, [6][7][8][9] whereas little work has reported the performance of noble-metal catalysts on converting vegetable oils into hydrocarbons. In addition, the scant stock of these noble metals limited their industrial applications. Recently, a nano-sized palladium catalyst has been tested to transform sunflower oil into hydrocarbons in our group, [10] but the adsorption of low-boiling-point compounds on the active sites of palladium resulted in the deactivation of the catalyst and the catalyst must be calcinated in air to regain its activity after each reaction. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop practical catalysts for the efficient conversion of vegetable oils into diesel-like hydrocarbons.Early transition metal carbides have received more and more attention since the discovery of their "platinum-like" behavior in a variety of catalytic and electro-catalytic reactions and they have promise to be an inexpensive alternative to noble metals. [11][12][13][14][15] Among them, molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C) showed excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in hydrogen-involved reactions traditionally catalyzed by noble metals, preferable resistance to poisoning of carbon monoxide and sulfur and better anti-sintering characteristics than noble metals.[16] It was proposed that carbon atoms incorporated into the interstitial s...

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