BackgroundCo-infections are common in childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, their etiological pattern and clinical impact remains inconclusive.MethodsEight hundred forty-six consecutive children with CAP were evaluated prospectively for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were examined by direct immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viruses. PCR of nasopharyngeal aspirates and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect M. pneumoniae. Bacteria was detected in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage specimen, or pleural fluid by culture.ResultsCausative pathogen was identified in 70.1% (593 of 846) of the patients. The most commonly detected pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (22.9%), human rhinovirus (HRV) (22.1%), M. pneumoniae (15.8%). Coinfection was identified in 34.6% (293 of 846) of the patients. The majority of these (209 [71.3%] of 293) were mixed viral-bacterial infections. Age < 6 months (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–3.3) and admission of PICU (odds ratio: 12.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–97.4) were associated with mix infection. Patients with mix infection had a higher rate of PICU admission.ConclusionsThe high mix infection burden in childhood CAP underscores a need for the enhancement of sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid diagnostics to accurately identify pneumonia pathogens.

sion, peritumoral enhancement, and other imaging features have been reported as predictors in HCC for MVI or posthepatectomy recurrence HCC [5][6][7]. However, independent validation of these features has not yet been performed, and these features are not yet applied widely.The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) [8] was developed to standardized terminology, interpretation, and reporting of imaging for HCC diagnosis. The system addresses the full spectrum of liver lesions and pseudolesions with a 5-point scale reflecting the relative likelihood of HCC, from LR-1 (definitely benign) to LR-5 ( definitely HCC). LI-RADS also assigns category LR-M to observations considered probably or definitely malignant but lacking criteria specific for HCC and a separate category (LR-TIV

Background Given the high mortality rate and unclear pathogenesis for liver cancer, investigation of its molecular mechanisms is essential. We focused on the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MIR4435-2HG, which was recently reported to be oncogenic in lung cancer and the microRNA miRNA-487a, which has been reported to be oncogenic in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to determine if the former has a role in HCC, and to further validate the role of the latter. Methods Samples from 64 patients with HCC were taken at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Cell transfection and PCR were applied. Results We found that MIR4435-2HG and miRNA-487a were upregulated in tumor tissues compared to adjacent healthy tissues from HCC patients. The expression of MIR4435-2HG was significantly affected by tumor size but not by tumor metastasis. Correlation analysis showed that MIR4435-2HG and miRNA-487a were positively correlated in both the tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues from HCC patients. Overexpression of MIR4435-2HG led to upregulation of miRNA-487a in the cells of HCC cell lines, while overexpression of miRNA-487a did not significantly affect MIR4435-2HG. Overexpression of MIR4435-2HG and miRNA-487a promoted the proliferation of cells of HCC cell lines, and miRNA-487a knockdown partially attenuated the enhancing effects of MIR4435-2HG overexpression on cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion MIR4435-2HG is upregulated in HCC and promotes cancer cell proliferation possibly by upregulating miRNA-487a.

The global use of smartphone has had tremendous social, environmental, and economic impacts in the last decade, and continues to grow impressively. In order to comprehend customers' purchase behavior, it is crucial to understand the driving force behind their choice of one specific brand among various competitors. A few prior researches have demonstrated that not only the optimal experience of flow, but also identity features (i.e., self-identity, social identity, brand identity) facilitate a customer's purchase intention. Previous studies also indicate that brand-related constructs (e.g., typically brand image but sometimes also brand personality and communication) predict purchase intention. As the first study combining flow, which focuses on investigating the consumer purchase behavior through identity and brand-related constructs, we propose a conceptual model that combines flow theory, brand image, brand communication, brand identity, and brand personality to investigate purchase intention. We have empirically tested the conceptual model based on the data collected from 1377 Chinese smartphone users. Results via the structural equation modeling with AMOS software indicated that flow experience, brand image, brand communication, brand personality, and brand identity all directly or indirectly explain purchase intention. Flow experience serves a critical role in mediating the path from brand communication, brand personality, and brand identity to purchase intention. The research focuses on the strategic implication of the various brand features management and aims to harmonize economic, social, and environmental sustainability.Sustainability 2020, 12, 3391 2 of 22 to maximize immediate economic profit with little care for its long-term sustainability in terms of economic, environmental, and social impacts. This is a common global phenomenon that affects the global world community, irrespective of culture, language, latitudes, geography, religion, policy, etc. Meanwhile, the levels of analyses for such phenomena encompasses all STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) and SSH (Social Sciences and Humanities) disciplines. However, one of the keystones of this global contemporary phenomenon is the interface among this technology and its users, which are responsible for its universal adoption. The psychological level of analysis is a key to better understand the behavior of smartphone users. Furthermore, there are other inputs that are important to understand consumers' purchase driving force. For example, the motivations behind individuals' choice and purchase intention of a specific brand among various brands of smartphone needs to be further explored on both the psychological and economic level. Therefore, acquiring deeper knowledge at the psychological level could contribute ideas and insights for developing strategies to better cope with the various negative consequences by finding new ways to harmonize social, environmental, and economic sustainability, and, consequently, to develop strategies...

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