Our findings suggest that weakness may serve as a warning sign of increasing vulnerability in early frailty development, and weight loss and exhaustion may help to identify women most at risk for rapid adverse progression.

Low serum micronutrient concentrations are an independent risk factor for frailty among disabled older women, and the risk of frailty increases with the number of micronutrient deficiencies.

No abstract

Executive dysfunction developed first among nearly one quarter of older women and was associated with elevated risk for global cognitive impairment. Because EF declines preceded memory declines and are important to efficient storage and retrieval EF represents an important target for interventions to prevent declines in memory and MMSE both of which are associated with progression to dementia.

No abstract