Thus, the formation of more triplet charge-transfer state which possessing microsecond scale lifetime by intersystem crossing from relatively short nanoscale lifetime of 1 CT is benefi cial to increase the current and improve photovoltaic performance. [ 10 ] For example, Holdcroft reported the fi rst photovoltaic study where Ir complexes are coordinated into the conjugated poly(fl uoreneco -phenylpyridine) backbone. [ 11 ] A signifi cant increase of external quantum effi ciency (EQE) from 1.1% of poly(9,9-dihexylfl uoreneco -2-phenylpyridine) to 10.3% of poly(9,9-dioctylfl uoreneco -tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (III))) was observed. And 35 times higher of PCE were achieved in polymer/fullerene PV device which could be attributed to the formation of the triplet state in Ir containing polymers. By physically doping Ir(mppy) 3 into P3HT/CdSe hybrid organic solar cells, greatly improved photovoltaic response was observed due to the enhancement of singlet-to-triplet conversion by Ir complex. [ 12 ] Adding a small amount of pqIrpicNa and PEO to P3HT/PC 61 BM solar cell devices, resulted in 20% and 10% increase in the short circuit current ( J SC ) and PCE, respectively, compared to the reference device without additives. [ 13 ] Besides, Cheng and co-workers also reported a series of conjugated polymers bearing indacenodithiophene and cyclometalated platinum complexes, when blended with PC 71 BM, a maximum PCE of 2.9% was obtained. [ 14 ] According to previous results, polymer BHJ solar cells employing heavy metal complexes exhibited PCE no less than 3%. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] It should be noted that BHJ PSCs with PCE over 6% reported so far are all based on singlet CT state dominated pure organic materials. [ 17 ] Therefore, by introducing heavy metal containing triplet component to the previous high effi ciency organic photovoltaic materials is expected to facilitate generation of triplet CT state as well as effectively tailoring of triplet energy levels of 3 CT and 1 T of donor materials through intersystem crossing and thus to improve the device effi ciency.Based on this concept, we introduced various concentrations of triplet iridium complexes (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, and 5 mol%) to the polymer backbone of the famous champion polymer donor material PTB7 which was fi rst reported by Yu and co-workers and exhibited a PCE of 7.4% in simple device structure of Indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-

Background: L-theanine (L-THE), a natural amino acid found in green tea, has been shown to improve anxiety and sleep. Neumentix proprietary spearmint extract (PSE), which is commonly found in beverage flavoring a pharmaceutical, also has a wide range of health benefits, including cognitive performance improvement. Methods: Four experiments tested the effects of L-THE and PSE on sleep: a direct sleeping test, pentobarbital-induced sleeping test, sub-hypnotic pentobarbital-induced sleeping test, and sodium barbitalinduced sleeping test. Presence of neurotransmitters in brain tissue was detected by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HP LC-MS) during these studies. Results: Pentobarbital-induced sleeping and sodium barbital-induced sleeping tests examined the potential effect of L-THE/PSE mixture on synergistic sleep, while neurotransmitter levels in the brain were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (HPLC/MS) method. L-THE and L-THE/PSE mixture showed increased sleep duration and shortened sleep latency when coadministrated with pentobarbital or sodium barbital. The mixture also increased sleeping rate when coadministrated with the pentobarbital at sub-hypnotic dose. Additionally, the L-THE, PSE and L-THE/PSE mixture significantly increased the concentrations of acetylcholine (Ach), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and decreased the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. Conclusions: These data demonstrated that L-THE/PSE mixture regulates sleep disorders via the GABA receptor and neurotransmitter systems.

Bone-like Au nanoparticles (NPs) along with a small number of by-products of nanorods, nanocubes and other irregular shapes were synthesized using a seed-mediated growth approach. The mixed Au NPs generate a very wide absorption spectra of 300-1000 nm with three main absorption peaks at 520, 600, and 770 nm, extending to the main absorption, cut-off and transparence region of the poly-(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methylester (PCBM) active layer. The mixed Au NPs were attached onto the ITO anode via a self-assembly method, and then P3HT:PCBM-based polymer photovoltaic cells (OPVs) were fabricated. The short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency are significantly enhanced by 18.6% and 24.2% respectively, accompanied by the optimization of NPs distribution density. Optical, electrical, and morphological changes with the incorporation of Au NPs in the cells were thoroughly analyzed, and the results demonstrated that the cell performance improvement is mainly attributed to a synergistic reaction, including both the localized surface plasmon resonance-and scattering-induced absorption enhancement of the active layer, Au NPs-induced hole extraction ability enhancement, and large interface roughness-induced efficient exciton dissociation and hole collection.

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